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CONSORT chart for inclusion of patients. AVB: Acute variceal bleeding; HE: Hepatic encephalopathy; PSM: Propensity score matching; FFP: Fresh frozen plasma; EHPVO: Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction; NCPF: Non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis; UGI: upper gastrointestinal; EVL: Endoscopic variceal ligation; GAVE: Gastric antral vascular ectasia; PHG: Phenylethanoid glycosides.
