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. 2020 Nov 2;65(3):111–119. doi: 10.1111/idj.12167

Figure 5.

Figure 5.

Life-course epidemiology: Model 4: accumulation of risk. (a) Correlated insults or risk clustering. (b) Chain of risk or pathway model (additive effect). (c) Chain of risk or pathway model (trigger effect). HPV, human papillomavirus.