Table 3.
Emotion- and state-specific clustering measure statistics for all three groups (with age, IQ, gender, and FDrms as covariates). For Sad videos, State-2 only (top) and for Happy videos, State-3 and State-4 (bottom)
| Group: State | Estimated mean (SE) | 95% CI (low/high) | Main effect & sig | Post hoca [Cohen’s d: effect size raw/emm] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sad videos, State-2 only, one-way ANCOVA, main effect of group | |||||
| DT (TRs) | ASD: State-2 | 48.8 (4.8) | 39.2–58.4 |
F(2,95) = 1.432 P = 0.244 |
NA |
| TD: State-2 | 39.1 (4.4) | 30.3–47.9 | |||
| SZ: State-2 | 37.8 (4.8) | 28.3–47.3 | |||
| FT (0–1) | ASD: State-2 | 0.226 (0.031) | 0.165–0.287 |
F(2,126) = 3.290 P = 0.040 |
ASD > TD State-2, t(126) = 2.490; P = 0.014 [0.472/0.531] |
| TD: State-2 | 0.124 (0.026) | 0.073–0.174 | |||
| SZ: State-2 | 0.189 (0.032) | 0.125–0.253 | |||
| Happy videos, State-3 and State-4, 3 × 2 mixed model ANOVA, Group-by-State interaction | |||||
| DT (TRs) | ASD: State-3 | 45.1 (10.8) | 23.7–66.5 |
F(2,101) = 7.409 P = 0.001 |
TD > ASD State-3, t(106) = 2.661; P = 0.009 [0.562/0.644] TD > SZ State-3, t(110) = 1.984; P = 0.050 [0.535/0.488] ASD > TD State-4, t(137) = 2.580; P = 0.011 [0.555/0.563] SZ > TD State-4, t(137) = 2.530; P = 0.013 [0.529/0.548] TD > ASD, State-3 > State-4, t(102) = 3.451; P = 0.001 TD > SZ, State-3 > State-4, t(99) = 2.979; P = 0.004 |
| TD: State-3 | 82.9 (9.1) | 65.0–100.9 | |||
| SZ: State-3 | 54.0 (11.0) | 32.2–75.8 | |||
| ASD: State-4 | 86.1 (9.6) | 66.4–105.7 | |||
| TD: State-4 | 52.0 (8.3) | 35.6–68.4 | |||
| SZ: State-4 | 85.1 (9.8) | 65.7–104.5 | |||
| FT (0–1) | ASD: State-3 | 0.182 (0.039) | 0.105–0.259 |
F(2,131) = 3.093 P = 0.049 |
TD > ASD State-3, t(141) = 2.050; P = 0.042 [0.433/0.498] SZ > TD State-4, t(142) = 2.122;P = 0.036 [0.410/0.455] TD > ASD, State-3 > State-4, t(131) = 2.213; P = 0.029 |
| TD: State-3 | 0.288 (0.033) | 0.223–0.353 | |||
| SZ: State-3 | 0.237 (0.040) | 0.159–0.315 | |||
| ASD: State-4 | 0.458 (0.043) | 0.373–0.542 | |||
| TD: State-4 | 0.370 (0.036) | 0.299–0.442 | |||
| SZ: State-4 | 0.491 (0.043) | 0.406–0.577 | |||
Notes: Effect size is Cohen’s d, in brackets. emm: effect size from estimated marginal means. No effect sizes were calculated for the custom post hoc hypotheses tests (in italics).
aPost hoc correction used is least significant difference (LSD).