Table 4.
PON-1 activity in serum, HDL2, and HDL3 following 12-week intervention with either a low tomato diet, lycopene supplement, or high tomato diet.
| N | Baseline (U/L) |
WK 12 (U/L) |
Change at WK 12 (U/L) |
Pre Vs. post P-Value |
||
| SERUM | Low tomato diet | 76 | 57,942 (2,108) | 57,954 (2,065)a | 12.4 (741)a | 0.987 |
| Lycopene supplement | 68 | 52,864 (2,204) | 66,147 (3,558)b | 13,497 (3,686)b | 0.001 | |
| High tomato diet | 81 | 55,552 (2,297) | 59,174 (1,742)b | 3,622 (1,420)c | 0.013 | |
| Between group P-value | 0.284 | 0.053 | <0.001 | |||
| HDL2 | Low tomato diet | 69 | 1.88 (0.97) | 2.09 (1.12) | 0.21 (0.02, 0.41) | 0.117 |
| Lycopene supplement | 59 | 2.02 (1.80) | 2.35 (1.87) | 0.33 (−0.27, 0.93) | 0.074 | |
| High tomato diet | 63 | 2.84 (2.51) | 2.59 (2.63) | −0.25 (−0.69, 0.18) | 0.058 | |
| Between group P-value | 0.832 | 0.418 | 0.484 | |||
| HDL3 | Low tomato diet | 69 | 2.30 (1.54) | 2.25 (1.49) | −0.06 (−0.18, 0.06)a | 0.240 |
| Lycopene supplement | 59 | 2.42 (1.51) | 2.50 (1.40) | 0.11 (−0.04, 0.25)b | 0.162 | |
| High tomato diet | 63 | 2.45 (1.44) | 2.52 (1.41) | 0.13 (−0.04, 0.29)a, b | 0.005 | |
| Between group P-value | 0.806 | 0.182 | 0.036 |
Results are expressed as mean (SEM) apart from change at week 12 which are presented as mean (95% CI). PON-1 activity in serum and in HDL2 and HDL3 is expressed as U/L and U/mg protein, respectively. Differences in concentrations at baseline, week 12 at week concentration changes at week 12 from baseline between groups were assessed by using two-factor ANOVA. Paired samples t-test was used to assess pre vs post (p ≤ 0.05). Values with different superscript letters are statistically significantly different (LSD post-hoc test).