Table 2. Clinical presentation of the included cases.
Reference | Covid-19 test/results | Clinical manifestations | Comorbidities | ||
Capone et al.,[12] | All patients had evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection (+ serology in 91%), | Median of 4 days' fever, 97% had gastrointestinal symptoms & involvement of other organ system, 64% had symptoms fulfilling complete criteria of KD, 76% of patients complete KD criteria had shock (n=16). Myocardial dysfunction (58%) | Overweight | 2 | 6 |
Obesity | 12 | 39 | |||
Whittaker et al.,[13] | In total 78% had evidence of current or prior SARS-CoV-2, infection PCR + in 26%, SARS-CoV- IgG + 83% |
All patients had fever 3-19 days, 10% sore throat, 26% headache, vomiting 45%, abdominal pain 53%, diarrhea 52%, erythematous rash 52%, conjunctival injection 45%, respiratory symptoms 21%, lymphadenopathy 16%, swollen hands & feet 16%, mucous membrane changes and red cracked lips 29% |
Asthma | 3 | 5.2 |
Neuro-disability | 1 | 1.7 | |||
Sickle-cell trait | 1 | 1.7 | |||
Alopecia | 1 | 1.7 | |||
Dufort et al.,[14] | 96% were classified as having a confirmed case and 4% having a suspected case. 24% had a COVID-19 compatible illness a median of 21 days before hospitalization, 38% had exposure to a person with confirmed COVID-19 like illness, 22% had direct contact with a person who had a clinically compatible COVID-19 like illness PCR + 51%, Serology + 99% | All presented with subjective fever or chills, 63% had fever on admission, 97% had tachycardia,78% had tachypnea, 32% hypotension 80% had GI symptoms, 60% had rash, 56% had conjunctival injection, 27% had mucosal changes, (Dermatologic 62%, mucucutaneous 61%), lower respiratory 40%, 61% had GI and either dermatologic or mucocutaneous symptoms | Obesity | 29 | 80.5 |
Pouletty et al.,[15] | SARS-COVID was detected in 11 (96%). 31% (5 ) cases had documented recent contact with a quantitative PCR-positive individual PCR + 69%, Serology + 87% | 44% cardiac involvement Fever (100%) Respiratory signs 2 (12%) Gastrointestinal signs 13 (81%) Neurological signs 9 (56%)Skin rash 13 (81%) Hands and feet erythema/oedema 11 (68%) Conjunctivitis 15 (94%) Dry cracked lips 14 (87%) Cervical lymphadenopathy 6 (37%) Hemodynamic failure 11 (69%) Complete Kawasaki disease: 10 (62%) Kawasaki disease shock syndrome 7 (44%) | Overweight | 4 | 25 |
Asthma | 2 | 12.5 | |||
Belhadjer et al.,[16] | 88% patients tested positive for SARS CoV-2 infection PCR +40% Serology + 86% |
All children presented with fever and asthenia, gastrointestinal symptoms were prominent 80%, left ventricular ejection fraction less than 30% in one third | Overweight | 6 | 17 |
Asthma | 3 | 8.5 | |||
Lupus | 1 | 3 | |||
Toubiana et al.,[17] | 90% had evidence of recent SARS-CoV-2 infection detected IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Two patients were negative. PCR +38% Serology +90% |
52% presented with KD complete criteria syndrome, polymorphous skin rash 76%, 76% conjunctivitis injection 81% myocarditis. All had noticeable GI symptoms (abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea) 95%, irritability 57%. 29% headache confusion, meningeal irritation. Pericardial effusion 48%. LVF 10%-57%. | NA | ||
Verdoni et al.,[18] | PCR +20% Serology +80% | Five (50%) of 10 patients were diagnosed with incomplete Kawasaki disease, presenting with three or fewer clinical criteria associated with additional laboratory criteria (n=1) or an abnormal echocardiography (n=4). In these patients, echocardiography revealed left ventricular function depression, mitral valve regurgitation, and pericardial effusion; they also required inotropic support. Chest x-ray, done in all patients in group 2, was positive in five (50%) patients for minimal mono or bilateral infiltrates. Five (50%) of 10 patients in group 2 met the criteria for KDSS because of hypotension and clinical signs of hypoperfusion. Two (20%) patients had diarrhoea and meningeal signs, four (40%) had only diarrhoea, and two (20%) had only meningeal signs. | NA |