Table 2: Evaluation of linear and angular measurements obtained from Dolphin Imaging software used for DM cephalometric analysis and WebCeph platform used for AI-based automated cephalometric analysis.
| Variables | Dolphin | Webceph | Difference | p-value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Min | Max | Mean | SD | Min | Mean | SD | DP | ||
| SNA (º) | 80.67 | 4.34 | 67.00 | 90.70 | 81.98 | 3.29 | 74.04 | 89.34 | -1.30 | 2.74 | 0.000 |
| SNB (º) | 79.08 | 5.25 | 70.10 | 95.20 | 78.93 | 4.05 | 70.72 | 90.78 | 0.15 | 2.45 | 0.527 |
| ANB (º) | 1.60 | 4.00 | -7.20 | 8.70 | 3.05 | 3.35 | -5.63 | 9.20 | -1.45 | 1.46 | 0.000 |
| NA (mm) | -0.88 | 3.96 | -10.40 | 8.60 | 1.11 | 3.02 | -8.42 | 6.84 | -1.99 | 2.99 | 0.000 |
| NPog (mm) | -2.68 | 8.14 | -20.70 | 19.40 | -1.72 | 7.21 | -19.54 | 17.76 | -0.95 | 5.30 | 0.068 |
| Y-axis (º) | 59.92 | 4.30 | 45.80 | 69.80 | 58.84 | 3.31 | 50.09 | 69.07 | 1.08 | 2.74 | 0.000 |
| SN.GoGn (º) | 32.51 | 6.75 | 15.90 | 54.30 | 31.31 | 5.35 | 18.28 | 41.26 | 1.19 | 3.55 | 0.001 |
| SN.PP (º) | 7.54 | 4.45 | -8.20 | 17.30 | 9.04 | 2.57 | 3.93 | 15.79 | -1.51 | 3.56 | 0.000 |
| ANS-Me (mm) | 65.74 | 5.49 | 52.60 | 78.20 | 71.25 | 5.71 | 54.57 | 82.11 | -5.51 | 4.35 | 0.000 |
| CoA (mm) | 82.36 | 5.92 | 69.50 | 98.60 | 88.72 | 3.12 | 80.08 | 95.44 | -6.36 | 5.74 | 0.000 |
| CoGn (mm) | 117.25 | 7.86 | 101.00 | 133.80 | 121.18 | 7.06 | 103.41 | 138.58 | -3.93 | 7.69 | 0.000 |
| U1.SN (º) | 103.71 | 8.56 | 74.30 | 123.40 | 103.98 | 5.78 | 93.86 | 124.25 | -0.28 | 6.07 | 0.642 |
| U1.PP (º) | 111.42 | 7.74 | 87.40 | 126.90 | 113.02 | 4.85 | 101.75 | 129.20 | -1.60 | 5.77 | 0.005 |
| U1-NA (mm) | 4.52 | 3.15 | -6.70 | 11.70 | 3.52 | 1.87 | 0.26 | 8.52 | 1.01 | 2.55 | 0.000 |
| U1.NA (º) | 23.11 | 8.55 | -6.70 | 38.20 | 22.06 | 5.16 | 8.56 | 36.67 | 1.05 | 6.27 | 0.000 |
| L1-APog (mm) | 2.39 | 3.20 | -7.20 | 10.30 | 2.18 | 2.62 | -4.38 | 8.86 | 0.20 | 1.78 | 0.245 |
| IMPA (º) | 89.39 | 8.32 | 67.30 | 107.80 | 92.15 | 8.36 | 70.85 | 107.14 | -2.76 | 4.11 | 0.000 |
| L1-NB (mm) | 4.29 | 2.65 | -2.70 | 12.30 | 5.15 | 2.57 | 0.11 | 13.60 | -0.87 | 1.43 | 0.000 |
| L1.NB (º) | 22.86 | 7.29 | 1.30 | 41.80 | 23.94 | 6.01 | 10.48 | 40.48 | -1.09 | 5.46 | 0.044 |
| I/I (º) | 132.19 | 11.83 | 96.10 | 163.30 | 131.05 | 8.84 | 102.30 | 150.03 | 1.14 | 7.92 | 0.143 |
| NLA (º) | 107.46 | 12.92 | 53.90 | 140.70 | 97.05 | 8.49 | 72.17 | 116.16 | 10.40 | 9.74 | 0.000 |
| ULE (mm) | -4.64 | 2.95 | -12.80 | 3.70 | -3.64 | 3.06 | -9.65 | 4.40 | -1.00 | 2.13 | 0.000 |
| LLE (mm) | -2.27 | 3.24 | -10.80 | 4.90 | -2.41 | 2.86 | -9.33 | 5.54 | 0.13 | 2.02 | 0.500 |
NPog= Nasion?Pogonion; NA= Nasion?A point; ANS-Me= Anterior Nasal Spine?Menton; CoA= Condylion?A point; CoGn= Condylion?Gnathion; U1-NA= Long axis of upper incisor?Nasion-A point; L1-APog= Long axis of lower incisor?A point-Pogonion; L1-NB= Long axis of lower incisor?Nasion-B point; ULE= Distance of upper lip anterior point and Esthetic line; LLE= Distance of lower lip anterior point and Esthetic line; SNA= Sella.Nasion.A point; SNB= Sella.Nasion.B point; ANB= A point.Nasion.B point; SN.GoGn= Sella-Nasion.Gonion-Gnathion; SN.PP= Sella-Nasion.Palatal Plane; U1.SN= Long axis of upper incisor.Sella-Nasion; U1.PP= Long axis of upper incisor.Palatal Plane; U1.NA= Long axis of upper incisor.Nasion-A point; IMPA= long axis of lower incisor.Mandibular Plane; L1.NB= Long axis of lower incisor.Nasion-B point; I/I= Interincisal angle; NLA= Nasolabial Angle; (º)= Degree (for angle); (mm)= millimeter (for distance); SD= Standard Deviation; Min= Minimum; Max= Maximum. Statistical significance degree= p < 0.05.