TABLE 2.
Outcomes of Interest and Predictors
| n (%) | Mean (SD) | |
|---|---|---|
| Overall stress (PSS-4: 0 = never, 1 = almost never, 2 = sometimes, 3 = fairly often, 4 = very often) | 7.22 (3.43) | |
| In the last month, how often have you felt that you were unable to control the important things in your life?* | 2.03 (1.05) | |
| In the last month, how often have you felt confident about your ability to handle your personal problems? | 1.42 (1.07) | |
| In the last month, how often have you felt that things were going your way?* | 1.87 (1.04) | |
| In the last month, how often have you felt difficulties were piling up so high that you could not overcome them? | 1.88 (1.19) | |
| Distribution of stress scores | ||
| High stress (≥6) | 83 (67.5) | |
| Low stress (<6) | 37 (30.0) | |
| Missing | 3 (2.4) | |
| Overall depression (PHQ-2: 0 = not at all, 1 = several days, 2 = more than half the days, 3 = nearly every day) | 2.13 (1.86) | |
| Little interest or pleasure in doing things | 1.11 (0.97) | |
| Feeling down, depressed, or hopeless | 1.02 (0.98) | |
| Distribution of depression scores | ||
| Major depressive disorder likely (≥3) | 43 (35.0) | |
| Major depressive disorder unlikely (<3) | 78 (63.4) | |
| Missing | 2 (1.6) | |
| Job satisfaction,† total average | 2.43 (0.60) | |
| No. respondents who agree or strongly agree that… | ||
| I like my job | 106 (86.2) | |
| I am paid a fair wage | 20 (16.3) | |
| I feel I have good job security in this job | 66 (53.7) | |
| Pay and benefits,† total average | 2.29 (0.40) | |
| No. respondents who agree or strongly agree that… | ||
| My pay has kept up with the cost of living | 8 (6.5) | |
| I need to work an additional job(s) in order to afford to live here* | 78 (65.0) | |
| I have enough money to cover an unexpected $400 expense | 55 (45.0) | |
| I can afford to use my employer-provided insurance to go to the doctor | 49 (43.3) | |
| I can easily access benefits from my EAP | 45 (39.2) | |
| I feel that I need to work overtime to make ends meet* | 91 (75.3) | |
| Adequate sick leave,† total average | 2.38 (0.95) | |
| Employment | ||
| Do you have any additional jobs right now (formal or informal, fulltime or part time)? (no. responses “yes”) | 53 (44.1) | |
| Overall support (average of managerial, coworker, outside support) | 2.82 (0.59) | |
| Managerial support,† total average | 2.69 (0.77) | |
| No. respondents who agree or strongly agree that… | ||
| I have access to managerial support if a safety concern arises. | 81 (65.6) | |
| I have access to managerial support in general. | 85 (69.1) | |
| Coworker support† | 2.74 (0.83) | |
| No. respondents who agree or strongly agree that… | ||
| I have someone at work I can rely on when a difficult situation arises | 80 (65.0) | |
| Outside support† | 3.17 (0.89) | |
| No. respondents who agree or strongly agree that… | ||
| I have someone outside of work I can rely on for emotional help and support. | 100 (82.5) | |
| Job demands, average of 2 questions (higher score indicates higher demands) | 2.90 (0.67) | |
| How hard is it to take time off during your work to take care of personal or family matters? (1 = not at all hard, 2 = not too hard, 3 = somewhat hard, 4 = very hard), number who responded “very hard” or “somewhat hard”* | 73 (59.9) | |
| How often do the demands of your job interfere with your family life or personal time? (1 = never, 2 = rarely, 3 = sometimes, 4 = often), number who responded “sometimes” or “often” | 99 (80.5) | |
| Overall well-being (nine-point scale) | 5.65 (1.94) | |
| Injury | ||
| How often do you worry that you will get injured on the job? (1 = never, 2 = rarely, 3 = sometimes, 4 = often), number who responded “sometimes” or “often” | 93 (75.6) | |
| COVID concerns | ||
| In the past year, how concerned have you been about contracting COVID-19 due to your work? (1 = never concerned, 2 = rarely concerned, 3 = sometimes concerned, 4 = often concerned), number who responded “sometimes” or “often” concerned | 103 (83.7) | |
| Over the past year, has your employer provided adequate PPE while you are at work? (no. responses “yes”) | 69 (56.1) | |
| At any time since March 1, 2020, have you felt that you might have had COVID-19? (no. responses “yes”) | 48 (39.0) | |
| Intent to leave | ||
| Not at all likely | 50 (41.0) | |
| Somewhat likely | 43 (35.2) | |
| Very likely | 29 (23.8) |
EAP, employee assistance program.
For all scales, higher scores indicate a more positive outcome.
*Indicates items that were reverse coded.
†Questions measured on a four-point agreement scale (1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = agree, 4 = strongly agree).