Fig. 2.

Comparison of the cytokine-producing MAIT cell kinetics over the 28-day post-challenge follow-up period. Ex vivo PBMC from participants receiving the S. Typhi inoculum were stained and analyzed as described in the legend to Fig. 1. Levels of MAIT cells expressing IFN-γ(A & D), TNF-α(B & E), and IL-17A (C & F), were evaluated in NoTF and TF participants. Data were grouped by time frames as follows: day 0, days 1–4, days 7–10 (for NoTF), or 48–96 h for TF participants and days 14–28. For grouped timepoints, each dot represents the mean value of the different timepoints for a specific participant. NoTF, participants who did not meet the clinical typhoid fever definition; TF, participants who did meet the clinical typhoid fever definition. *, represent significant differences (P < 0.05). Data are presented as absolute MAIT cell numbers per microliter of peripheral blood.