|
Population
|
Healthy pregnant women with single fetus and at reproductive age group, GDM based on the diagnostic criteria, Gestational age considered for each study based on ultrasound, Studies were published until December 2021, Full-text available and with no language restrictions |
Multiple pregnancies, women taking steroids, pre-pregnancy diabetes, maternal medical disorders such as liver, kidney, thyroid, fetal abnormalities, ovarian cysts, and maternal age less than 18 years |
|
Exposure
|
Body composition (WHR, visceral adipose mass, NC, HCWC, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), skeletal muscle mass percentage(SMMP), total adipose tissue thickness(TAT), VAT, skinfold thickness, mid upper arm circumference(MUAC), fat mass percentage(FMP), fat mass index(FMI), muscle mass percentage(MMP), skinfold thickness |
Other body composition |
|
Comparison
|
Healthy control group |
GDM was combined with other maternal pregnancy complications (HDP, eclampsia, and pre-eclampsia); ethnicity, food habits, and separation were difficult. |
|
Outcome
|
GDM according to different screening protocols |
- |
|
Study design
|
Cohort, case control, and cross sectional |
Case study, case series, case report, lack of access to full text articles, review articles, letter to editor |
