Table 1.

Participant characteristics.

Variables	Men (n = 258)		P-value	Women (n = 367)		P-value
	Normal walking speed	Slow walking speed		Normal walking speed	Slow walking speed
	(n = 228)	(n = 30)		(n = 315)	(n = 52)
Age, yrs	72.75 ± 5.39	76.20 ± 7.85	0.002	71.27 ± 4.80	77.44 ± 7.76	<0.001
BMI, kg/m2	25.09 ± 3.37	25.10 ± 4.94	0.995	25.00 ± 3.57	25.73 ± 4.08	0.192
Education, n (%), yrs			0.092			<0.001
0	10 (4.4)	4 (13.3)		48 (15.3)	21 (40.3)
≤ 6	106 (46.5)	15 (50.0)		162 (51.4)	21 (40.3)
>6	112 (49.1)	11 (36.7)		105 (33.3)	10 (19.2)
Spouse (%)	214 (94.3)	21 (70.0)	<0.001	241 (76.5)	27 (51.9)	0.001
Living alone (%)	18 (7.9)	5 (16.7)	0.001	49 (15.5)	10 (19.2)	0.419
Smoker (%)	75 (33.0)	7 (23.3)	0.284	3 (1.0)	0 (0)	0.490
Drinker (%)	123 (53.9)	15 (50.0)	0.632	43 (13.7)	7 (13.5)	0.938
Faller (%)	26 (11.4)	9 (30.0)	0.006	54 (17.1)	12 (23.1)	0.262
IPAQ, Met/wk	3,612 (1,017, 9,043)	1,212 (591, 5,662)	0.027	6,132 (2,358, 11,760)	1,593 (486, 6,252)	<0.001
GDS,score	6.11 ± 4.01	7.80 ± 5.32	0.040	7.64 ± 4.80	11.55 ± 6.97	<0.001
Disease (%)
Diabetes	31 (13.7)	6 (20.0)	0.352	40 (12.7)	6 (12.2)	0.898
Hypertension	151 (66.5)	22 (73.3)	0.455	176 (56.8)	31 (63.3)	0.393
Hyperlipidemia	34 (15.0)	7 (23.3)	0.240	49 (15.5)	8 (15.3)	0.926
Stroke	23 (10.1)	4 (13.3)	0.591	42 (13.3)	14 (28.6)	0.007
Heart disease	27 (11.8)	10 (33.3)	0.002	56 (17.8)	13 (25.0)	0.162
Arthritis	40 (17.5)	3 (10.3)	0.265	53 (16.8)	14 (26.9)	0.064
Low pack pain	31 (13.7)	6 (20.0)	0.352	70 (22.2)	14 (26.9)	0.357
Cognitive impairment	19 (8.3)	6 (20.0)	0.049	46 (14.6)	15 (28.8)	0.003

BMI, body mass index; IPAQ, International Physical Activity Questionnaire; GDS, geriatric depression scale.