Figure 2. The proprioceptive re-alignment model (PReMo).

(A) When the feedback is rotated, the position of the feedback cursor (red dot) is rotated counterclockwise with respect to the location of the unseen hand (deviation depicted here arises from motor noise). (B) Due to intramodal integration of sensory input and sensory expectations from the motor command, the integrated hand would lie between the visual target and the actual position of the hand, and the integrated cursor would lie between the visual target and the actual cursor. (C) Due to crossmodal sensory recalibration, the integrated hand shifts toward the integrated cursor (proprioceptive shift, ${\beta }_p$) and the integrated cursor shifts toward the integrated hand (visual shift, ${\beta }_v$), forming the perceived hand and perceived cursor locations. (D) The proprioceptive error (mismatch between the perceived hand position and the target, $G_t$) drives implicit adaptation in the clockwise direction, opposite to the imposed counterclockwise rotation.