Table 3.
Factors Associated with Breast Cancer-Specific Survival* among Patients with Invasive Breast Cancer
| Characteristics | Only primary | Secondary |
|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
|
| ||
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | Reference | Reference |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 1.41 (1.34, 1.47) | 1.33 (0.88, 1.99) |
| Hispanic | 0.96 (0.92, 0.99) | 1.38 (1.02, 1.87) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 0.89 (0.85, 0.94) | 1.22 (0.78, 1.89) |
|
| ||
| Age (years) | ||
| 12–24 | Reference | Reference |
| 25–29 | 1.19 (0.95, 1.48) | 0.87 (0.15, 5.09) |
| 30–34 | 1.08 (0.88, 1.33) | 0.63 (0.13, 3.10) |
| 35–39 | 1.05 (0.85, 1.28) | 0.90 (0.19, 4.33) |
| 40–44 | 0.92 (0.75, 1.13) | 0.49 (0.10, 2.36) |
| 45–50 | 0.92 (0.75, 1.13) | 0.27 (0.06, 1.36) |
|
| ||
| Year of diagnosis | ||
| 1988–1994 | Reference | Reference |
| 1995–2001 | 0.75 (0.72, 0.77) | 0.66 (0.43, 1.02) |
| 2002–2008 | 0.55 (0.53, 0.58) | 0.57 (0.36, 0.90) |
| 2009–2014 | 0.46 (0.43, 0.49) | 0.53 (0.31, 0.90) |
|
| ||
| Neighborhood socioeconomic status | ||
| Low SES | 1.22 (1.19, 1.26) | 1.42 (1.09, 1.86) |
| High SES | Reference | Reference |
|
| ||
| Tumor grade | ||
| Grade I | Reference | Reference |
| Grade II | 2.04 (1.87, 2.23) | 1.77 (0.89, 3.49) |
| Grade III | 2.86 (2.61, 3.12) | 1.96 (0.99, 3.85) |
| Undifferentiated | 2.77 (2.47, 3.11) | 2.05 (0.79, 5.34) |
|
| ||
| Histology | ||
| Ductal | Reference | Reference |
| Lobular | 1.02 (0.97, 1.06) | 2.09 (1.45, 3.01) |
|
| ||
| Tumor size | ||
| T1a: ≤ 0.5cm | Reference | Reference |
| T1b: > 0.5–1cm | 1.26 (1.08, 1.47) | 1.33 (0.62, 2.87) |
| T1c: > 1–2cm | 1.93 (1.68, 2.22) | 2.07 (1.04, 4.10) |
| T2: > 2–5cm | 2.89 (2.52, 3.32) | 2.92 (1.46, 5.82) |
| T3: > 5.00 cm | 4.16 (3.61, 4.79) | 4.30 (1.99, 9.33) |
| Diffuse | 6.42 (5.51, 7.48) | 10.16 (3.74, 27.59) |
|
| ||
| Regional lymph node involvement | ||
| Positive | 2.52 (2.43, 2.61) | 2.10 (1.50, 2.95) |
| Negative | Reference | Reference |
|
| ||
| ER and PR status | ||
| Positive | Reference | Reference |
| Negative | 1.39 (1.34, 1.44) | 1.51 (1.11, 2.07) |
|
| ||
| HER-2** | ||
| Positive | Reference | Reference |
| Negative | 1.31 (1.22, 1.40) | 1.15 (0.68, 1.93) |
|
| ||
| Triple negative** | ||
| Yes | Reference | Reference |
| No | 0.51 (0.48, 0.55) | 0.42 (0.27, 0.67) |
*
Adjusted for all the variables in the table and stratified by chemotherapy, radiation, surgery and regional nodes examined; The estimates of hazard ratios (HRs) for unknown groups are not present.
**
HER-2 and triple-negative are limited to 2003+ diagnoses
CI= confidence interval; SES= socioeconomic status; ER= Estrogen Receptor; PR= Progesterone Receptor; HER-2= human epidermal growth factor receptor-2.