Table 2.

Commercial insecticides applied against field-collected populations of S. frugiperda.

Commercial insecticide	Mode of action (IRAC)
Abamectin	Stimulates the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system
Spinosad	nAChR 4 allosteric modulator
Indoxacarb	Blocks the sodium channel
Imidacloprid	Blocks neurotransmission by postsynaptic antagonism of acetylcholine receptors
Deltamethrin	Sodium channel modulator
Lufenuron	Interferes with chitin synthesis polymerization and deposition
Lambda-cyhalothrin	Sodium channel modulator
Pyridaben	Mitochondrial complex 1 electron transport inhibitor
Spinetoram	nAChR 4 allosteric modulator