Figure 1.

Biogenesis, secretion, and uptake of exosomes. Exosome is a subset of EVs. The biogenesis of exosomes mainly goes through the stages of endocytosis and MVB formation. Different nucleic acids or proteins are loaded during the formation of exosomes. These cargoes can be internalized into recipient cells through different mechanisms, thus realizing the information transmission function of exosomes. Moreover, some cargo proteins can also be used as biomarkers for the identification of exosomes.