Figure 3.

The roles of EVs in aging-related diseases. EVs derived from normal cells have therapeutic effects on aging-related diseases. There are many sources of natural EVs, and the optimal selection should consider the yield, targeting, and curative effect. In addition, EVs are also high-quality drug delivery systems (DDSs), which can target the delivery of therapeutic drugs through engineered EVs. EVs derived from senescent cells will contribute to the transmission of aging information and further promote the accumulation of senescent cells, which may eventually lead to aging-related diseases. Significantly, EVs derived from these senescent cells are also potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.