Table 2.

Oxford Cognitions and Defences Questionnaire (O-CDQ) original item pool

Threat cognitions

1. I will embarrass myself

2. I will fail

3. People will judge me negatively

4. I will be rejected

5. I will panic

6. I will lose control

7. Everyone will watch me

8. People will laugh at me

9. I will become verbally aggressive

10. People will try to upset me

11. I will physically harm someone else

12. People will harm me physically

13. I won’t be able to cope with voices

14. Voices will harm me in some way

Anxious avoidance

1. My local shop

2. Shopping centres

3. Supermarkets

4. Using public transport (e.g. bus, train)

5. Pubs

6. Restaurants

7. My neighbours

8. Strangers

9. GP surgery or health centre

10. Cafés

11. Gyms

12. Walking on the street

13. Meeting people or social gatherings

14. People in authority (e.g. the police)

15. My workplace or place of education

16. Open spaces

17. Enclosed spaces

18. Staying at home alone

19. Staying at home with others

20. Being far from home

21. Unfamiliar places

22. Busy places

Within-situation safety behaviours

1. I avoided making eye contact

2. I only went out if someone I know was with me

3. I watched out for signs that something bad might happen

4. I left as soon as I started to feel anxious

5. I scanned faces for signs of judgement or criticism

6. When out, I kept my distance from other people

7. I formed an escape plan

8. I spent excessive time thinking about what bad things might happen

9. When out, I did everything as quickly as possible

10. I listened out for trouble