Table 1:

Literature review case findings

Patient Study Set (year of publication) Ref	No. Operatively Managed Patients	Case Profiles
		Clinical Manifestations	Lymphatic Imaging/Diagnostics	Surgical/Interventional Management	Documented Outcomes
Study 1 (1978)13	1	Chylothorax, failure to thrive	CXR, Autopsy	Ligation of thoracic lymph vessels	Death
Study 2 (1980)14	1	Perineal/genital lymphedema	C-LAG	Inguinal lymph node biopsy	New onset lymphatic symptoms
Study 3 (1980)15	2	Cardiac defects (n=2)	CXR	Cardiac surgery	New onset lymphatic symptoms (n=2)
*Study 4 (1998) 7	1*	Chylous ascites; lymphedema; genital lymphorrhea	MRL, LAS, C-LAG	Abdominal LVA	Marked improvement
Study 5 (2016)4	2	Lymphedema (n=2); genital lymphorrhea (n=1)	LAS	Thoracic duct ligation (n=1), Scrotoplasty (n=1)	Death (n=1); Improvement with some persistent symptoms (n=1)
Study 6 (2019)16	1	Lymphedema, lymphocutaneous fistulae, chylocolporrhea	C-LAG, CT, LAS	Lymphatic lipidiol embolization	Resolution without recurrence at 12 months (n=1)
Study 7 (2019)8	7	Chylothorax (n=6); ascites (n=3)	C-LAG (n=7), MRL (n=6), dc-MRL (n=5)	Lymphatic embolization (n=6), LVA (n=1)	Death (n=2), Stable or Improved (n=4), Resolution (LVA, n=1)
Study 8 (2020)17	1	Cardiac defects; chylothorax	ICG, dc-MRL	Thoracic duct ligation, two cardiac surgeries	Death
*Study 9 (2021) 6	2*	Lymphedema, ascites, genital lymphorrhea, lymphocutaneous fistula	CT, MRL, LAS, CXR	Inguinal LVA (n=1), lymphatic doxycycline sclerosis (n=1)	Improvement 20-yr post op (LVA, n=1), Stable (n=1)
Study 10 (2021) 9	1	Acute Chylothorax and Pulmonary Insufficiency	C-LAG, dc-MRL	LVA (thoracic duct)	Fluid overload (immediate), Resolution (1-year)

CXR= Chest X-Ray; C-LAG = Conventional Oil-Contrast Lymphangiography; CT = Computerized Tomography; MRL = T2-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Lymphography; dc-MRL = Dynamic-Contrast (T1-Weighted) Magnetic Resonance Lymphography; LAS = Lymphoscintigraphy; ICG = Indocyanin Green Lymphography; LVA = Lympho-Venous Anastomosis