Table 1.

Selected drugs or compounds trageting PTMs.

Gene/protein Target	Targeted Modification	Drugs	Cancer	Phase
20S proteasome	Ubiquitination	Bortezomib, Carfilzomib,	Myeloma, Lymphoma, Lung, Pancreas	FDA approved
ALK	Phosphorylation	Alectinib, Brigatinib, Ceritinib, Crizotinib, Lorlatinib	Lung	FDA approved
BRAF	Phosphorylation	Dabrafenib, Encorafenib, Vemurafenib	Melanoma, Lung, Colon, Rectum	FDA approved
CDK4/6	Phosphorylation	Abemaciclib, Ribociclib, and Palbociclib	Breast	FDA approved
CRBN	Ubiquitination	Thalidomide, Lenalidomide, Pomalidomide	Myeloma	FDA approved
EGFR	Phosphorylation	Afatinib, Almonertinib, Dacomitinib, Erlotinib, Gefitinib, Osimertinib, Amivantamab, Mobocertinib, Cetuximab, Panitumumab	Lung, Head and neck, Colon, Rectum	FDA approved
HDAC	Acetylation	Vorinostat, Belinostat, Panobinostat, and Chidamide, Romidepsin	Lymphoma, Myeloma	FDA approved
HER2/HER3	Phosphorylation	Lapatinib, Neratinib, Tucatinib, Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab	Lung, Breast	FDA approved
Mdm2	Ubiquitination	PRIMA	Liver, Pancreas	FDA approved
MEK1/2	Phosphorylation	Binimetinib, Trametinib, and Cobimetinib	Melanoma, Lung	FDA approved
PD-L1	Glycosylation	gPD-L1	Breast	Preclinical
PI3K	Phosphorylation	Copanlisib	Lymphomas	FDA approved
PI3K	Phosphorylation	Copanlisib	Breast	Phase II
Ras/SHP2	Phosphorylation	TNO155, JAB-3068, RMC-4630	Solid tumors	Phase 1, 2a
Wnt/LRP6	Phosphorylation	Salinomycin, Rottlerin, and Monensin		Preclinical
Wnt/SRSF	Phosphorylation	SM08502	Solid tumors	Phase 1
Wnt/β-catenin	Ubiquitination	MSAB	Colon	Preclinical