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. 2022 Aug 15;13(8):707. doi: 10.1038/s41419-022-05101-3

Fig. 2. Induction of the nuclear translocation of IRF-3 and subsequent cell death by the cytoplasmic injection of RNA/protein.

Fig. 2

a GFP-IRF-3 HeLa cells were injected with poly I:C (1 μg/μl) and observed live for the localization of IRF-3 at the indicated times after the injection. Injected cells were numbered (white) and followed; cells with red numbers exhibited morphological cell death; % of dead cells was calculated (as depicted in grayscale images). b GFP-IRF-3 HeLa cells were injected with RIG-I and GG25 (1 μg/μl each) and observed as in (a). c GFP-IRF-3 HeLa cells were injected with poly I:C (1 μg/μl) in the absence (DMSO) or presence of Z-VAD (20 µΜ) and observed as in (a). Z-VAD was added 3 h prior to the injection and kept in the culture medium. Injected cells are indicated in the red dotted box. Scale bar = 25 µm.