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. 2022 Aug 15;13:4484. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-31999-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — Immunofluorescent staining of ELF5 in control and COVID-19 patients in the A olfactory mucosa, B lung alveoli, and C lung bronchiole. A Dashed lines separate the olfactory epithelium and the lamina propria. B Arrowheads highlight AT2 cells expressing ELF5; dashed outline highlights clusters of AT cells expressing ELF5. C left: epithelial cells expressing ELF5; right: arrowheads highlight airway epithelial cells expressing ELF5. Marker genes for sustentacular and Bowman gland cells (A KRT18), alveoli type II cells (B SFTPC), pan-epithelial cells (C EPCAM), and secretory cells (C SCGB1A1) are shown in purple. Validation staining for each tissue: control (n = 2); COVID-19 (n = 2). Scale bar = 100 μm.