Table 1.
Sample Demographics, physical characteristics, sport of injury and BCTT results
| Total Sample | Adherent Participants | Non-Adherent Participants | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 51 | 31 | 20 | |
| Age in years | 15.77 ± 1.6 | 15.51 ± 1.5 | 16.18 ± 1.7 | 0.137 |
| Sex | 61% Male | 57% Male | 63% Male | 0.620 |
| Previous Concussion, n (%) | 0.595 | |||
| 0 | 29 (56.9%) | 16 (52%) | 13 (65%) | |
| 1 | 15 (29.4%) | 10 (32%) | 5 (25%) | |
| 2 | 5 (9.8%) | 3 (10%) | 2 (10%) | |
| 3 | 2 (3.9%) | 2 (7%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Height in cm | 166.90 ± 13.9 | 165.44 ± 15.0 | 169.04 ± 12.2 | 0.434 |
| Weight in kg | 62.12 ± 15.1 | 61.58 ± 15.4 | 62.92 ± 15.2 | 0.539 |
| Sport of injury, n (%) | 0.350 | |||
| Basketball | 1 (2.0%) | 1 (3.2%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Cheerleading | 3 (5.9%) | 3 (9.7%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Dodgeball | 1 (2.0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (5.0%) | |
| Field Hockey | 2 (3.9%) | 2 (6.5%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Football | 14 (27.5%) | 7 (22.6%) | 7 (35.0%) | |
| Gymnastics | 1 (2.0%) | 1 (3.2%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Ice Hockey | 8 (15.7%) | 3 (9.7%) | 5 (25.0%) | |
| Lacrosse | 5 (9.8%) | 4 (12.9%) | 1 (5.0%) | |
| Rugby | 1 (2.0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (5.0%) | |
| Soccer | 13 (25.5%) | 8 (25.8%) | 5 (25.0%) | |
| Volleyball | 1 (2.0%) | 1 (3.2%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Wrestling | 1 (2.0%) | 1 (3.2%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Sport setting, n (%) | 0.500 | |||
| Organized sport | 37 (72.5%) | 24 (77.4%) | 13 (65.0%) | |
| Organized sport practice | 11 (21.6%) | 5 (16.1%) | 6 (30.0%) | |
| Recreational/Gym class | 3 (5.9%) | 2 (6.5%) | 1 (5.0%) | |
| Initial Symptom Severity (PCSI, max=126) | 36.24 ± 20.9 | 41.62 ± 16.9 | 28.89 ± 24.0 | 0.020 |
| Exercise Tolerance | < 0.001 | |||
| Exercise Tolerant | 4 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (20%) | |
| Mild Exercise Intolerance (HRt ≥ 135 bpm) | 17 (33%) | 7 (23%) | 10 (50%) | |
| Moderate Exercise Intolerance (HRt < 135 bpm) | 30 (59%) | 24 (77%) | 6 (30%) | |
| Injury to Visit in days | 6.48 ± 2.2 | 6.24 ± 2.4 | 6.84 ± 1.8 | 0.272 |
| Mean Recovery Time in days | 22.76 ± 23.4 | 19.44 ± 19.0 | 40.38 ± 37.9 | 0.016 |
| Median Recovery Time in days | 14 (11, 28) | 12 (9, 22) | 21.5 (13, 29.8) | |
| Incidence of PPCS, n (%) | 10 (19.6%) | 4 (12.9%) | 6 (30.0%) | 0.163 |
p-value column entries are comparisons between adherent and non-adherent participants; bold values represent p < 0.05; Mann-Whitney U tests were used for continuous data; Chi-squared tests for binary/ordinal data; and Fisher’s Exact test for group sizes below 5. BCTT= Buffalo Concussion Treadmill Test.