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. 2022 Feb 16;92(5):1341–1349. doi: 10.1038/s41390-022-01985-1

Fig. 4. Sources of proton leak.

Fig. 4

Oligomycin-induced state 4 was initiated using succinate. Representative tracings of oxygen consumption (above) with simultaneous ΔΨ measurement (below) are depicted (from 3 to 4 biological replicates in each group). Numbers indicate oxygen consumption rates (nmol/mL/min/mg mitochondrial protein). Cyclosporine A (CsA), carboxyatractyloside (cAT), and guanosine diphosphate (GDP) were added to specifically inhibit leak via the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), the adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT), and uncoupling proteins (UCPs), respectively. Inhibition of leak was identified by a concomitant decrease in oxygen consumption with a rise or stabilization in ΔΨ. Arrowheads indicate persistent leak despite the obvious closure of a leak channel.