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. 2022 Aug 2;9:973048. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.973048

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Copyright © 2022 Chen, Liu, Zhou, Huang, Zhai, Xiao, Ou, He, El-Nezami and Zheng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Cell viability of GES-1 (upper), Caco-2 (middle), and HUVEC cells (bottom) under 24 h treatments by different concentrations of rutin, MGO, adduct A, and adduct B. Different letters represent significant differences (P < 0.05).