Table 3.
ORs of gender differences in the relationship between type 2 diabetes and moderate–severe periodontitis in US adults from 2009 to 2014
| Model I | Model II | Model III | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | Male | Female | Male | Female | |
| Type 2 diabetes | ||||||
| Yes versus No | 1.47 (1.18–1.82)*** | 1.19 (0.96–1.48) | 1.22 (1.09–1.50)* | 0.90 (0.74–1.10) | 1.46 (1.16–1.83)*** | 1.10 (0.88–1.38) |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 30–44 | ||||||
| 45–60 | 2.68 (2.18–3.29)*** | 3.12 (2.49–3.90)*** | 2.64 (2.18–3.20)*** | 2.78 (2.32–3.33)*** | 3.06 (2.46–3.80)*** | 3.53 (2.78–4.46)*** |
| ≥ 60 | 3.616 (2.91–4.86)*** | 4.58 (3.65–5.74)*** | 3.21 (2.61–3.95)*** | 3.91 (3.24–4.71)*** | 4.57 (3.60–5.80)*** | 5.11 (3.99–6.54)*** |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| White | ||||||
| Black | 2.48 (2.07–2.97)*** | 2.11 (1.74–2.56)*** | 1.99 (1.66–2.38)*** | 1.82 (1.53–2.16)*** | 1.79 (1.48–2.17)*** | 1.71 (1.41–2.10)*** |
| Hispanic | 2.40 (1.99–2.90)*** | 2.18 (1.80–2.66)*** | 2.04 (1.68–2.49)*** | 2.08 (1.73–2.49)*** | 1.38 (1.12–1.70)*** | 1.37 (1.10–1.69)** |
| Other | 1.85 (1.42–2.40)*** | 2.11 (1.59–2.80)*** | 1.77 (1.36–2.29)*** | 2.30 (1.81–2.90)*** | 1.77 (1.34–2.33)*** | 1.99 (1.49–2.66)*** |
| PL | ||||||
| ≥ 300% FPL | ||||||
| < 100% FPL | 1.97 (1.56–2.51)*** | 1.71 (1.38–2.11)*** | 1.72 (1.32–2.23)*** | 2.16 (1.66–2.80)*** | ||
| 100% FPL ≤ PL < 300% FPL | 1.50 (1.25–1.79)*** | 1.52 (1.28–1.81)*** | 1.41 (1.14–1.73)*** | 1.85 (1.47–2.33)*** | ||
| Education | ||||||
| > 12 years | ||||||
| < 12 years | 1.45 (1.16–1.82)*** | 1.23 (0.99–1.50) | 2.07 (1.64–2.62)*** | 1.64 (1.30–2.08)*** | ||
| 12 years | 1.32 (1.08–1.63)* | 1.37 (1.12–1.67)* | 1.78 (1.43–2.22)*** | 1.56 (1.24–1.97)*** | ||
| Health insurance | ||||||
| No versus Yes | 1.99 (1.57–251)*** | 1.84 (1.46–2.33)*** | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| ≥ 30 versus < 30 | 1.01 (0.85–1.21) | 0.82 (0.68–0.98)* | ||||
| Mouthwash use | ||||||
| No versus Yes | 0.82 (0.69–0.97)* | 0.99 (0.83–1.20) | ||||
| Dental flossing | ||||||
| No versus Yes | 0.89 (0.74–1.06) | 0.87 (0.71–1.06) | ||||
| C-statistic | 0.676 | 0.667 | 0.673 | 0.671 | 0.713 | 0.71 |
Model I included diabetes status and adjusted for demographics (age, race/ethnicity).
Model II contained model I and additionally adjusted for SES (education and PL).
Model III contained model II and additionally adjusted for BMI, health insurance and oral health behaviours (mouthwash use and dental flossing).
*
P < 0.05; **P < 0.001; ***P < 0.0001.
BMI, body mass index; FPL, federal poverty level; PL, poverty level.