Table 2.

Responses to the Chinese Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) items (n = 336)

Impact	ECOHIS response, n (%)					Mean (SD)
	Never	Hardly ever	Occasionally	Often	Very often
Child impact section
How often has your child …… because of dental problems or the need for dental treatments?
Child symptom
a) Had pain in the teeth, mouth or jaws?	201 (59.8)	102 (30.4)	28 (8.3)	4 (1.2)	1 (0.3)	0.5 (0.7)
Child function
b) Had difficulty drinking beverages?	211 (62.8)	107 (31.8)	16 (4.8)	2 (0.6)	0 (0)	0.4 (0.6)
c) Had difficulty eating some foods?	188 (56.0)	103 (30.7)	37 (11.0)	6 (1.8)	2 (0.6)	0.6 (0.8)
d) Had difficulty pronouncing words?	164 (48.8)	93 (27.7)	66 (19.6)	9 (2.7)	4 (1.2)	0.8 (0.9)
e) Missed preschool, day care?	274 (81.5)	59 (17.6)	2 (0.6)	1 (0.3)	0 (0)	0.2 (0.4)
Child psychology
f) Had trouble sleeping?	250 (74.4)	71 (21.1)	12 (3.6)	2 (0.6)	1 (0.3)	0.3 (0.6)
g) Been irritable or frustrated?	216 (64.3)	97 (28.9)	19 (5.7)	2 (0.6)	2 (0.6)	0.4 (0.7)
Self-image and social interaction
h) Avoided smiling or laughing?	259 (77.1)	69 (20.5)	7 (2.1)	1 (0.3)	0 (0)	0.3 (0.5)
i) Avoided talking with other children?	260 (77.4)	72 (21.4)	3 (0.9)	1 (0.3)	0 (0)	0.2 (0.5)
Family impact section
How often have you or another family member because of your child’s dental problems or treatment?
Parental distress
j) Been upset?	183 (54.5)	105 (31.3)	39 (11.6)	8 (2.4)	1 (0.3)	0.6 (0.8)
k) Felt guilty?	198 (58.9)	89 (26.5)	38 (11.3)	7 (2.1)	4 (1.2)	0.6 (0.9)
Family function
l) Had to take hours or days off work?	239 (71.1)	81 (24.1)	12 (3.6)	3 (0.9)	1 (0.3)	0.4 (0.6)
m) Had the family’s economic situation affected?	234 (69.6)	83 (24.7)	15 (4.5)	3 (0.9)	1 (0.3)	0.4 (0.6)