Table 2.

Bivariate analysis of BMI (underweight/normal BMI ≤ 25 kg/m², overweight/obese BMI as > 25 kg/m²) and putative confounders

Characteristic	Level	Underweight/normal %	95% CI (lower)	95% CI (upper)	Overweight/obese %	95% CI (lower)	95% CI (upper)	P-value
Age	15–44	57.5	52.7	62.3	42.5	37.7	47.3
	45–59	37.8	33.9	41.6	62.2	58.4	66.1
	60+	37.1	33.3	40.9	62.9	59.1	66.7	< 0.001
Sex	Male	43.2	38.1	48.2	56.8	51.8	61.9
	Female	54.9	51.7	58.1	45.1	41.9	48.3	< 0.001
Income	< 30k	44.0	37.9	50.2	56.0	49.8	62.1
	30k–< 60k	47.1	42.7	51.5	52.9	48.5	57.3
	60k+	49.4	44.3	54.5	50.6	45.5	55.7	0.366
Education	High school or less	50.7	42.2	52.7	49.3	47.3	57.8
	Trade	41.1	36.4	47.3	58.9	52.7	63.6
	Degree	39.6	46.0	56.8	60.4	43.2	54.0	0.027
Diabetes	Yes	47.4	42.2	52.7	52.6	46.0	56.8
	No	41.9	36.4	47.3	58.1	47.3	57.8	0.1222
Smoking	Current	50.2	43.0	57.5	49.8	42.5	57.0
	Previous	37.1	32.3	41.8	62.9	58.2	67.7
	Never	54.1	50.2	57.9	45.9	42.1	49.8	< 0.001
Alcohol	≤ 2 drinks	45.0	42.0	49.8	55.0	50.2	58.0
	> 2 drinks	47.8	42.7	54.3	52.2	45.7	57.3	0.401
Usual reason for dental visit	Check-up	54.3	50.1	58.5	45.7	41.5	49.9
	Problem	40.9	36.4	45.4	59.1	54.6	63.6	< 0.001
Mouth rinsing	No	47.6	42.9	52.2	52.4	47.8	57.1
	Yes	49.9	46.1	53.6	50.1	46.4	53.9	0.498
Tooth brushing	< 2 times/day	45.0	39.7	50.4	55.0	49.6	60.3	0.08
	≥ 2 times/day	50.6	47.1	54.1	49.4	45.9	52.9
Flossing	No	46.5	41.8	51.3	53.5	48.7	58.2	0.24
	Yes	49.9	46.3	53.5	50.1	48.7	54.9

		Underweight/normal mean	95% CI (lower)	95% CI (upper)	Overweight/obese mean	95% CI (lower)	95% CI (upper)	t-test P-value
Added sugar (mean)	Grams/day	19.7	17.7	21.7	18.8	17.5	19.8	0.455

Chi-squared test for significance used for categorical predictors, t-test for continuous predictors.

Bold values indicate significance at P < 0.05.

CI, confidence interval.