Table 1.
Demographics of the study population
| Variables | Controls (n = 265) | CD (n = 265) | UC (n = 124) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), M (IQR) | 26 (25–47) | 29 (25–38) | 39 (27–40) | 0.298* |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.206† | |||
| Male | 150 (56.6) | 170 (64.2) | 75 (60.5) | |
| Female | 115 (43.4) | 95 (35.8) | 49 (39.5) | |
| Education, n (%) | < 0.001† | |||
| Less than junior college | 78 (29.4) | 119 (44.9) | 80 (64.5) | |
| Junior college or more | 187 (70.6) | 146 (55.1) | 44 (35.5) | |
| Smoking, n (%) | 0.003† | |||
| Current smoker | 22 (8.3) | 21 (7.9) | 14 (11.3) | |
| Ex-smoker | 17 (6.4) | 36 (13.6) | 23 (18.5) | |
| Non-smoker | 226 (85.3) | 208 (78.5) | 87 (70.2) | |
| Frequency of tooth-brushing per day, n (%) | < 0.001† | |||
| < 2 times | 57 (21.5) | 111 (41.9) | 54 (43.5) | |
| ≥ 2 times | 208 (78.5) | 154 (58.1) | 70 (56.5) | |
| Active disease, n (%) | − | 96 (36.2) | 49 (39.5) | − |
| Time of diagnosis (years), n (%) | − | |||
| < 3 years | − | 130 (49.1) | 61 (49.2) | |
| 3–9 years | − | 105 (39.6) | 48 (38.7) | |
| > 9 years | − | 30 (11.3) | 15 (12.1) | |
| Pharmacotherapy, n (%) | − | |||
| Untreated | 265 (100.0) | 17 (6.4) | 4 (3.2) | |
| Under salicylate therapy | − | 26 (9.8) | 68 (54.8) | |
| Under corticosteroids therapy | − | 10 (3.8) | 18 (14.5) | |
| Under immunosuppressant therapy | − | 106 (40.0) | 27 (21.8) | |
| Under biological therapy | − | 106 (40.0) | 7 (5.7) | |
CD, Crohn’s disease; M (IQR), median (interquartile range); UC, ulcerative colitis.
P: the significance of differences among the controls and patients with CD and UC. Significant results (P < 0.05) are highlighted in bold.
*
Kruskal–Wallis test.
†
χ2 test.