Table 1.
Variable | Division | Orthodontic treatment |
P-value† | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes | No | |||
All | 677 (7.1) | 11,055 (92.9) | ||
Age (years) | 30.9 ± 0.404 | 45.8 ± 0.238 | <0.001*** | |
Sex | Male | 222 (5.5) | 5,107 (94.5) | <0.001*** |
Female | 455 (8.8) | 5,948 (91.2) | ||
Household income | Low | 27 (2.4) | 2,002 (97.6) | <0.001*** |
Middle-low | 144 (5.9) | 2,885 (94.1) | ||
Middle-high | 227 (7.7) | 3,113 (92.3) | ||
High | 279 (9.6) | 3,055 (90.4) | ||
Education | ≤Elementary school | 7 (0.4) | 2,088 (99.6) | <0.001*** |
Middle school | 11 (0.9) | 1,325 (99.1) | ||
High school | 115 (3.7) | 3,452 (96.3) | ||
≥University or college | 544 (12.3) | 4,190 (87.7) | ||
Smoking | Yes | 118 (5.5) | 2,306 (94.5) | 0.002** |
No | 559 (7.6) | 8,749 (92.4) | ||
Alcohol consumption | <1 alcoholic drink per month | 248 (7.0) | 4,347 (93.0) | 0.742 |
≥1 alcoholic drink per month | 429 (7.2) | 6,708 (92.8) | ||
Frequency of toothbrushing per day | ≤1 | 23 (2.5) | 1,355 (97.5) | <0.001*** |
2 | 205 (5.8) | 4,244 (94.2) | ||
≥3 | 449 (8.9) | 5,456 (91.1) | ||
Use of oral health-care products | Yes | 444 (8.7) | 5,544 (91.3) | <0.001*** |
No | 233 (5.4) | 5,511 (94.6) | ||
Annual professional oral examination | Yes | 267 (9.1) | 3,163 (90.9) | <0.001*** |
No | 410 (6.3) | 7,892 (93.7) |
Values are given as n (%) or mean ± standard error.P < 0.01;
***P < 0.001; †P-value calculated using complex samples t-test and chi-squared test.