Table 1.

Development of understanding of need for a WHO ASSURED * Criteria point-of-care testing functional access to correct medicines to initiate medicines immediately and promptly for this medical emergency in this disease in the US

Date	Source of information	Information
1950–1981	France, Austria	Treatment appears beneficial, the earlier the better; laws passed in France and Austria mandating prenatal screening.
1981–1990	France, Austria, United States	Possible to treat continuously with pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, Phase 1 clinical trial.
1990–2008	United States	Phase 2 and later phase trials.
2010	Illinois, United States	Attempt to introduce a legislation in Springfield, need for infrastructure, inexpensive test materials, and medicines. Identified cost-benefit macro-algorithm, spillover benefit identified, inexpensive testing tools identified.
2014	Worldwide	Global initiative begun.
2015	United States	Price of pyrimethamine increased from $0.01 ner pill to $750 per pill. **
2021	France, United States, Morocco, Colombia, Panama	Improved inexpensive tests, meeting WHO/assured criteria, CE-marked criteria, FDA clearance pending.

*Affordability, Sensitivity, User-friendly, Rapid and robust, Equipment-free and Deliverable to those who need it

**Cost of medicines and import restrictions have caused limitations in use in the US and Panamá. The problems with cost and access discussed in Part I of the manuscripts in this series may be resolving if the source material is of high quality and reliability. This is a new development in early 2022 and details are not yet available