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. 2022 Aug 16:1–25. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s11625-022-01195-y

Table 4.

Drivers of diet change in Accra

Category Organisation Tier I drivers Tier II drivers
Government GOV1

High income

Low food prices

Taste preference

Income and food expenditure
GOV2

Low income

Taste preference

Family size

Income and food expenditure

GOV3

GOV4

Family size

High income

Prevalence of supermarkets and restaurants

Income and food expenditure

Trade liberalisation

Subsidies

Urban agriculture

Policies and trade
GOV5

Trade liberalisation

Subsidies

Policies and trade
GOV6

Family size

High income

Low food prices

Prevalence of supermarkets

Income and food expenditure
GOV7

Taste preference

Social prestige

Cooking time

Sociocultural practices
GOV8

High income

Low food prices

Taste preference

Urban agriculture

Income and food expenditure
GOV9

Taste preference

Social prestige

Energy type and access

Sociocultural practices
GOV10

Energy type and access

Cooking time

Cooking safety

Energy access
Private sector COM1

Taste preference

Social prestige

Sociocultural practices
COM2

Prevalence of supermarkets and food vendors

Low food prices

Aggressive marketing and media campaigns

Food retail sector
COM3

Prevalence of supermarket and food vendors

Low food prices

Aggressive marketing and media campaigns

Food retail sector
COM4

Working and life style

Cooking time

Cheap imported food

Energy access
COM5

Trade liberalisation

Subsidies l

Low food prices

Policies and trade
Civil Society CSO1

Working and life style

Cooking time

Energy type and access

Energy access
CSO2

Trade liberalisation

Subsidies

Low food prices

Policies and trade
CSO3

Taste preference

Social prestige

Prevalence of meals away from home (MAFH)

Sociocultural practices
CSO4

Taste preference

Social prestige

Sociocultural practices
CSO5

Prevalence of supermarket and food vendors

Cheap imported food

Urban agriculture products

Aggressive marketing and media campaigns

Food retail sector