TABLE 3.
Antioxidant properties of FX extracted from various algae against free radicals.
| Algae species containing FX | Active radicals | Activity | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hijikia fusiformis | DPPH | Scavenging activity | Yan et al. (1999) |
| Undaria pinnatifida | |||
| Sargassum fulvellum | |||
| Cladosiphon okamuranus | DPPH | Scavenging activity of FX and FXol extracted with methanol solvent | Mise et al. (2011) |
| Cystoseria hakodatensis | DPPH, peroxyl radical, ABTS, NO (nitric oxide) | Scavenging activity | Airanthi et al. (2011a) |
| Sargassum horneri | DPPH, peroxyl radical | ||
| Eisenia bicyclis | |||
| Odontella aurita | DPPH, ABTS | Scavenging activity of all-trans-FX isomer | Xia et al. (2013) |
| DPPH, 12-DS and NB-LP | Reduction activity | Nishino, (1998) | |
| Undaria pinnatifida | DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical | Radical scavenging and singlet oxygen quenching abilities of FX and its two metabolites (FXol and halocynthiaxanthin) | Sachindra et al. (2007) |
| Isochrysis galbana | DPPH | Scavenging activity | Mousavi Nadushan and Hosseinzade, (2020) |
| Sargassum duplicatum | N.D | Inhibitory concentration measurement (IC50) and effect of different extraction methods (ethanol, methanol, and ethyl acetate solvent) on antioxidant activity | Savira et al. (2021) |
| Phaeodactylum tricornutum | DPPH, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion | Reduction activity, effect of different extraction methods (acetone, DMSO, ethanol, and 80% methanol solvent) on antioxidant activity, radical scavenging activity of FX with acetone extract, effect of trans- to cis-form ratio | Kawee-Ai et al. (2013) |
| Phaeodactylum tricornutum | DPPH | Effect of the different environments (anoxic and aerobic conditions) on scavenging activity, comparison of antioxidant activities with other carotenoids | Nomura et al. (1997) |
| Sargassum siliquosum | DPPH | Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), effect of extraction parameters (temperature, time, and solvent to solid ratio) | Lim et al. (2018) |
| Sargassum polycystum | |||
| Sargassum fusiforme | DPPH, hydroxyl radical | Effect of blanching treatments (hot water blanching, salt water blanching, microwave blanching, and steam blanching) on scavenging activity | Nie et al. (2021) |