Table 1.
The approved RNA therapeutic drugs and vaccines
| Categories | Drugs (Trade name) | Indications | Years | Locations | Developers | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ASO | Fomivirsen(Vitravene) | CMV | 1998 | US | lonis/Novartis | 24 |
| ASO | Mipomersen(Kynamro) | HoFH | 2013 | US | lonis/Sanofi | 29 |
| ASO | Eteplirsen(Exondys 51) | DMD | 2016 | US | Sarepta Therapeutics | 30 |
| ASO | Nusinersen(Spinraza) | SAM | 2016 | US | lonis/Biogen | 31 |
| ASO | Inotersen(Tegsedi) | hATTR | 2018 | US | lonis | 32 |
| ASO | Volanesorsen(Waylivra) | FCS | 2019 | EU | lonis | 33 |
| ASO | Golodirsen(Vyondy 53) | DMD | 2019 | US | Sarepta Therapeutics | 34 |
| ASO | Viltolarsen(Viltepso) | DMD | 2020 | US/Japan | Nippon Shinyaku | 35 |
| ASO | Casimersen(AMONDYS 45) | DMD | 2021 | US | Sarepta Therapeutics | 36 |
| siRNA | Patisiran(Onpattro) | FAP | 2018 | US/EU | Alynlam | 25 |
| siRNA | Givosiran(Givlaari) | AHP | 2019 | US | Alynlam | 37 |
| siRNA | Lumasiran(OXLUMO) | PH1 | 2020 | US/EU | Alynlam | 38 |
| siRNA | Leqvio(Inclisiran) | Primary hypercholesterolaemia/mixed dyslipidaemia | 2020 | EU | Alynlam/Novartis | 39 |
| Aptamer | Pegaptanib(Macugen) | AMD | 2004 | EU | Eyetech/Pfizer | 40 |
| Vaccine | BNT162b2(Comirnaty) | COVID-19 | 2021 | US | BioNTech/Pfizer | 26 |
| Vaccine | mRNA-1273(Spikevax) | COVID-19 | 2021 | US | Moderna | 27 |
AHP, acute hepatic porphyria; AMD, age-related macular degeneration; CMV, cytomegalovirus; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; DMD, duchenne muscular dystrophy; FAP, familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy; FCS, familial chylomicronemia syndrome; hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis; HoFH, homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia; PH1, primary hyperoxaluria type 1; SMA, Spinal muscular atrophy.