Figure 1.

Role of Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of intrinsically disordered proteins regulates LLPS. (A). Phosphorylation of FMRP, TIAR-2 and Tau changes the intermolecular interactions and thus promotes FUS/RNA phase separation. (B). Methylation of hnRNPA2 and FUS inhibits the phase separation by weakening the cation-π interactions. (C). DDX3X and Tau IDRs acetylated by lysine acetyltransferase results in impaired phase separation. (D). The RAD23B and UBQLN2 formed LLPS by triggering the multivalent interactions between ubiquitin-associated domains and ubiquitin chains of ubiquitinated proteins.