Table 1.

Membraneless organelles formed by phase separation

Name	Location	Functions	References
Nucleoli	Nucleus	The site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) production and ribosome subunit assembly	219
P-bodies	Cytoplasm	Associated with translation repression and 5'-to-3'mRNA decay	220
Cajal bodies	Nucleus	Involved in the formation of ribonucleoproteins including small nuclear RNPs	221
PML bodies	Nucleus	Involved in a wide variety of biological processes ranging from senescence to viral infections or stemness	222
Stress granules	Cytoplasm	Play an important in the stress response and may contribute to some degenerative diseases	223
U-bodies	Cytoplasm	Involved in mRNA decay and translational repression	224
Paraspeckles	Nucleus	Mediate the nuclear retention of some A-to-I hyper-edited mRNAs, gene transcription, RNA splicing, and RNA stability	225
GW/P bodies	Cytoplasm	Translational repressors of mRNA through Ago2-mediated RNA silencing	226
Polycomb bodies	Nucleus	Mediate down-regulation of target genes	227
Nuclear speckle	Nucleus	Inhibition of mRNA splicing	228