Table 1.
Study Population Characteristics of the Predi-COVID Cohort Study
| Characteristic | Overall Population (N = 289) |
Disease Severity at Inclusiona | P Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asymptomatic (n = 44) |
Mild (n = 174) |
Moderate/Severe (n = 58) |
|||
| Age, y, mean ± SD | 40.2 ± 12.5 | 45.4 ± 14.7 | 39.7 ± 12.1 | 37.7 ± 11 | .006 |
| Female sex | 144 (50.2) | 13 (29.6) | 91 (52.3) | 36 (62.1) | .004 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD | 25.6 ± 4.8 | 25.4 ± 3.5 | 25.5 ± 4.7 | 26.1 ± 6.1 | .667 |
| Former smoker | 55 (19.9) | 9 (20.5) | 35 (20.1) | 11 (19.0) | .925 |
| Current smoker | 48 (17.4) | 9 (20.5) | 30 (17.2) | 9 (15.5) | .773 |
| Diabetes | 8 (2.9) | 1 (2.3) | 5 (2.9) | 2 (3.5) | 1.000 |
| Asthma | 8 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (2.9) | 3 (5.2) | .382 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 9 (3.3) | 4 (9.1) | 4 (2.3) | 1 (1.7) | .065 |
| Hypertension | 26 (9.4) | 8 (18.2) | 13 (7.5) | 5 (8.6) | .098 |
| Poor sleepb | 155 (54.2) | 17 (38.6) | 93 (54.1) | 37 (63.8) | .040 |
| Altered respiratory quality of lifec at 1 year | 37 (12.9) | 0 (0.0) | 16 (9.3) | 18 (31.0) | <.001 |
| Altered physical autonomyc at 1 year | 21 (7.3) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (4.0) | 12 (20.7) | <.001 |
| Altered psychological quality of lifec at 1 year | 37 (12.9) | 0 (0.00) | 16 (9.3) | 18 (31.0) | <.001 |
| Altered relational quality of lifec at 1 year | 11 (3.9) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (1.2) | 9 (15.5) | <.001 |
| Could not live in their current health status in the long run | 36 (12.5) | 4 (9.1) | 22 (12.6) | 9 (15.5) | .655 |
Data are presented as No. (%) unless otherwise indicated. P values are determined using the analysis of variance significant difference test for continuous variables (age and BMI) and the Fisher exact test for categorical variables.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation.
Information on disease severity at inclusion was missing for 13 participants.
Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. A categorical variable was generated using the PSQI score; poor sleep was defined as PSQI total score >5.
The respiratory quality of life was assessed using the VQ11 questionnaire, initially developed for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. One global score and 3 subscores (functional, psychological, and relational) were calculated as described elsewhere and categorical variables were generated. An altered respiratory quality of life was defined as VQ11 global score >22, an altered physical autonomy as functional component >8, an altered psychological quality of life as psychological component >10, and an altered relational quality of life as relational component >10.