Table 1. Characteristics of BP Home Participants, by Study Arm.
| Characteristic | SMBP, No. (%) | Standardized mean difference | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Standard | Enhanced with smartphone application | ||
| No. | 1050 | 1051 | NA |
| Self-reported | |||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 58 (13) | 59 (13) | 0.04 |
| Female sex | 602 (57) | 589 (56) | 0.03 |
| Male sex | 448 (43) | 462 (44) | 0.03 |
| Race and ethnicity | 0.12 | ||
| Hispanic/Latinx, any race | 101 (10) | 79 (8) | .12 |
| Non-Hispanic | |||
| Asian | 22 (2) | 6 (0.6) | |
| Black | 226 (22) | 239 (23) | |
| White | 666 (63) | 676 (64) | |
| Other/multiraciald | 35 (3) | 51 (5) | |
| Subjective social status, mean (SD)a | 6.2 (2.2) | 6.2 (2.2) | 0 |
| Eligibility BP, mean (SD), mm Hg | |||
| Systolic | 158 (12) | 157 (11) | −0.06 |
| Diastolic | 88 (12) | 88 (11) | −0.04 |
| Satisfaction with BP management, 1-5 scale, mean (SD)b | |||
| Overall | 3.7 (1.2) | 3.8 (1.1) | 0.02 |
| Your health care clinician | 4.3 (1.0) | 4.3 (1.1) | −0.02 |
| Your BP medications | 3.7 (1.2) | 3.7 (1.2) | −0.01 |
| Comfort using technology like a computer or smartphone, 1-5 scale, mean (SD) | 4.1 (1.1) | 4.1 (1.1) | −0.04 |
| From electronic health records c | |||
| Total with linked medical record data | 1034 (98) | 1028 (98) | −0.05 |
| Smoking status | |||
| Current | 218 (21) | 208 (20) | 0.03 |
| Past | 305 (29) | 306 (30) | |
| Never | 460 (44) | 463 (45) | |
| Missing or unclear in EHR data | 51 (5) | 51 (5) | |
| Diabetes | 200 (19) | 217 (21) | 0.04 |
| Congestive heart failure | 30 (2.9) | 33 (3.2) | 0.02 |
| Coronary artery disease | 75 (7.3) | 93 (9.1) | 0.07 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 31 (3.0) | 46 (4.5) | 0.08 |
| End stage kidney disease | 16 (1.6) | 12 (1.2) | −0.03 |
| No. of current BP medication classes of medications prescribed during the past year | |||
| 0 | 338 (33) | 307 (30) | 0.08 |
| 1 | 239 (23) | 249 (24) | |
| 2 | 218 (21) | 234 (23) | |
| 3 | 134 (13) | 128 (12) | |
| ≥4 | 105 (10) | 110 (11) | |
| BP medication class prescribed in the past year | |||
| Thiazide or thiazide-like diuretic | 295 (29) | 261 (25) | −0.07 |
| ACE inhibitor | 304 (29) | 282 (27) | −0.04 |
| ARB | 184 (18) | 201 (20) | 0.05 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 298 (29) | 304 (30) | 0.02 |
| β-Blocker | 272 (26) | 309 (30) | 0.08 |
| α-Blocker | 18 (1.7) | 28 (2.7) | 0.07 |
| Aldosterone inhibitor | 28 (2.7) | 38 (3.7) | 0.06 |
| K-sparing diuretic | 18 (1.7) | 12 (1.2) | −0.05 |
| Centrally acting | 49 (4.7) | 45 (4.4) | −0.02 |
| Renin antagonist | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Vasodilator | 46 (4.5) | 66 (6.4) | 0.09 |
| Loop diuretic | 61 (5.9) | 79 (7.7) | 0.07 |
| Fixed-dose combination medication prescribed during past year | 85 (8.2) | 71 (6.9) | −0.05 |
| No. of ambulatory visits with BP measured during the past year | |||
| 0 | 56 (5.4) | 43 (4.2) | 0.10 |
| 1 | 205 (20) | 209 (20) | |
| 2 | 186 (18) | 174 (17) | |
| 3 | 162 (16) | 143 (14) | |
| ≥4 | 425 (41) | 459 (45) | |
| Self-reported eligibility SBP/DBP vs past clinic SBP/DBP | |||
| Exact match at most recent visit | 635 (61) | 631 (61) | 0 |
| Exact match, not at most recent visit | 205 (20) | 206 (20) | |
| No exact match | 194 (19) | 191 (19) | |
| Lowest BP at most recent encounter, mean (SD), mm Hg | |||
| Systolic | 150 (16) | 150 (17) | −0.03 |
| Diastolic | 85 (12) | 85 (12) | −0.01 |
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BP, blood pressure; EHR, electronic health record; NA, not applicable; SMBP, self-measured blood pressure.
MacArthur Subjective Social Scale, 1-10 scale.22 One participant was missing data for this baseline characteristic because of a technical malfunction.
Participants were allowed to choose NA if, for example, they were not currently being treated for hypertension; these responses were excluded from calculations of the mean, SD, and P value. A total of 165 (7.9%) chose NA for “overall,” 74 (3.5%) chose NA for “your health care clinician,” and 423 (20.1%) chose NA for “your BP medications.”
EHR data were missing for 39 participants (Figure 1). Descriptive statistics from EHR data in the table exclude these 39 participants.
For descriptive purpose, participants choosing "other" or multiple categories were grouped together.