Table 4.

Gender-stratified sociodemographic factors associated with substance use disorder (SUD) treatment receipt among adults with SUD, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015-2018 ^a

Sociodemographic factors	Women		Men
	OR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)
Expressed treatment need	2.32 (1.63-3.32)	0.87 (0.51-1.48)	2.23 (1.66-3.01)	0.96 (0.58-1.60)
Age, y
18-25	0.75 (0.51-1.09)	0.95 (0.38-2.35)	0.84 (0.61-1.16)	1.01 (0.55-1.88)
26-34	1.45 (0.98-2.16)	1.33 (0.50-3.53)	1.11 (0.78-1.58)	1.43 (0.74-2.78)
35-49	1.45 (0.99-2.13)	1.02 (0.38-2.75)	1.29 (0.94-1.76)	1.36 (0.70-2.65)
≥50	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
Race/ethnicity
Non-Latinx White	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
Non-Latinx Black	0.95 (0.66-1.34)	0.51 (0.27-0.94)	1.04 (0.79-1.37)	0.44 (0.27-0.71)
Latinx	0.74 (0.53-1.02)	0.37 (0.18-0.73)	0.97 (0.71-1.31)	0.73 (0.41-1.31)
Other	0.88 (0.53-1.44)	0.55 (0.28-1.06)	0.99 (0.67-1.47)	0.70 (0.39-1.27)
Education
<High school diploma	2.09 (1.61-2.71)	1.26 (0.68-2.33)	1.88 (1.46-2.41)	1.30 (0.73-2.31)
High school diploma or equivalent	1.50 (1.20-1.88)	0.80 (0.52-1.25)	1.62 (1.31-2.01)	0.99 (0.73-1.36)
>High school diploma	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
Employed	0.47 (0.33-0.65)	1.08 (0.62-1.91)	0.46 (0.34-0.62)	0.81 (0.56-1.17)
Health insurance
Public	0.58 (0.44-0.76)	1.13 (0.71-1.78)	0.56 (0.42-0.75)	1.13 (0.74-1.74)
Private	1.81 (1.35-2.42)	1.70 (0.97-2.99)	1.60 (1.22-2.11)	2.05 (1.31-3.20)
None	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
Annual household income, $
<20 000	2.59 (1.91-3.50)	0.62 (0.38-1.02)	2.95 (2.28-3.82)	1.76 (1.12-2.76)
20 000-49 999	1.57 (1.11-2.23)	0.66 (0.41-1.07)	1.74 (1.39-2.19)	1.14 (0.72-1.79)
50 000-74 999	1.26 (0.85-1.87)	0.94 (0.46-1.92)	1.66 (1.20-2.29)	1.23 (0.77-1.95)
≥75 000	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]	1 [Reference]
Government assistance	2.73 (2.17-3.44)	1.18 (0.78-1.78)	2.28 (1.87-2.79)	0.94 (0.65-1.36)
Married	0.77 (0.60-1.00)	0.57 (0.30-1.10)	0.59 (0.46-0.75)	0.89 (0.61-1.32)
Parenting	1.68 (1.35-2.09)	1.97 (1.26-3.08)	0.94 (0.75-1.18)	0.93 (0.64-1.37)
Comorbid depression	1.88 (1.57-2.26)	1.79 (1.20-2.67)	2.25 (1.77-2.86)	2.07 (1.57-2.72)
Past-year arrest	3.35 (2.48-4.51)	3.47 (2.47-4.87)	3.38 (2.59-4.40)	3.41 (2.50-4.67)

Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; OR, odds ratio.

^aIncludes men and women who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition criteria for SUD and/or expressed past-year need for SUD treatment. ¹⁷ Data source: National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2015-2018. ¹⁶

^bDifferences were assessed using the Wald χ² test, with significance set at α = .05.