Table 3.
Characteristics of gray matter volume meta-analysis studies with extraversion (18 studies)
| Study | Sample size (F/M) | Mean Age (Range) | Personality Instrument | Image Process (Software) | Covariate | Threshold (Correction) | Results (t range) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andari et al., 2014 | 30 (13/17) | 23.6 (18–37) | NEO-PI-R | VBM (SPM2) | Age, sex, TGMV | 0.05 (cluster, NSTA) | (t 3.36–6.17) |
| Pos. NSig | |||||||
| Neg. l MTG, r ITG, r PCN, r LNG, r PHC, r HIP | |||||||
| Coutinho et al., 2013 | 52 (29/23) | 25.0 (19–52) | NEO-FFI | VBM (SPM8) | Age, gender, ICV | 0.05 (cluster, MCS) | (t 4.02–4.41) |
| Pos. NSig | |||||||
| Neg. l/r MFG, l/r midOFC, r IFG, r SFG | |||||||
| Cremers et al., 2011 | 65 (42/23) | 40.5 (21–56) | NEO-FFI | VBM (SPM5) | Age, TGMV, alternative trait (N), scan lefts | 0.05 (voxel, FWE) 0.001 (Uncor, k > 25) | (t 3.49–4.50) Cor: NSig Uncor: |
| Pos. l/r medOFC, l PCG, l CRB, r AMY, r SPL | |||||||
| Neg. | |||||||
| DeYoung et al., 2010 | 116 (58/58) | 22.9 (18–40) | NEO-PI-R | VBM (BIS) | Age, sex, TBV, other four traits | 0.05 (cluster, MCS) | (study without segmentation) (t NS) |
| Pos. r medOFC | |||||||
| Neg. Nsig | |||||||
| Forsman et al., 2012 | 32 (0/32) | 33.2 (19–49) | 16PF (version 5) | VBM (SPM2) | Age | 0.05 (voxel, FDR) | (t 3.66–5.82) |
| Pos. NSig | |||||||
| Neg. l/r SFG, l VLPFC, l/r SMG, l IPS, l IOG, l THA, r MFG, r SFS, r IFG, r ANG, r MTG/ITG, r CAD | |||||||
| Hu et al., 2011 | 62 (31/31) | 26.6 (20–40) | NEO-FFI | VBM (SPM5) | Age, gender, TGMV | 0.05 (voxel, FWE) | NSig |
| Kapogiannis et al., 2013 | 87 (42/45) | 72.0 (59–85) | NEO-PI-R | VBM (SPM8) | * This study performed a conjunction analysis between two time points | 0.05 (cluster, FWE) | (t 3.80–5.60) |
| Age (both time points), sex (both time points), ICV (Time 1), education (both time points), same trait (another time point), other four traits (both time points), time 1 and time 2 | Pos. l STG, l ACG, l/r MFG, l SMA, l IOG, l SFG, r INS | ||||||
| Neg. l IOG, l SPL, r PHC | |||||||
| Koelsch et al., 2013 | 59 (34/25) | 19.9 (18–27) | NEO-FFI | VBM (SPM8) | age, gender, TBV | 0.05 (voxel, FWE) | NSig |
| Lewis et al., 2018 | 578 (268/310) | 72.7 (NS) | 50-IPIP | SBM (CIVET 1.1.12) | Age, sex, ICV, other four traits, intelligence | 0.05 (vertex, FDR) | NSig |
| T. Li et al., 2017 | 108 (64/44) | 40.3 (19–60) | NEO-FFI | SBM (CCS) | Age, sex, ICV | 0.05 (voxel, FDR) | NSig |
| Liu et al., 2013 | 227 (168/59) | 25.8 (18–62) | NEO-FFI | VBM (SPM8) | Age, sex, other four traits, scanner type | 0.05 (cluster, FWE) | NSig |
| Lu et al., 2014 | 71 (37/34) | 22.4 (19–26) | EPQ-RSC | VBM (SPM8) | Age, sex, ICV | 0.05 (cluster, MCS) | (t 3.22–5.11) |
| Pos. NSig | |||||||
| Neg. l/r AMY, l/r PHC, l SFG, r MTG | |||||||
| Omura et al., 2005 | 41 (22/19) | 23.8 (NS) | NEO-PI-R | VBM (SPM2) | Age, sex | 0.001 (Uncor, k > 200) | (GMC) (t 4.17–5.17) |
| Pos. l/r OFC, l FSF, l PHC, r CAL, r STG | |||||||
| Neg. l/r PRC | |||||||
| Owens et al., 2019 | 1104 (599/505) | 28.8 (22–37) | NEO-FFI | SBM (FS 5.3) | Age, sex, ICV, other four traits | 0.05 (cluster, MCS) | (t 3.38) |
| Pos. r PRC | |||||||
| Neg. NSig | |||||||
| Privado et al., 2017 | 56 (56/0) | 18.3 (17–22) | NEO-FFI | SBM (CIVET 2.0) | TGMV | 0.01 (vertex, FWE) | (t 3.92) |
| Pos. l MOG | |||||||
| Neg. NSig | |||||||
| Taki et al., 2013 | 274 (161/113) | 51.2 (21–80) | NEO-PI-R | VBM (SPM8) | Age, gender, ICV, other four traits | 0.05 (voxel, FWE) | NSig |
| Yasuno et al., 2017 | 37 (10/27) | 28.1 (21–45) | NEO-FFI | VBM (SPM12) | 0.05 (cluster, FWE) | (T1w/T2w) NSig | |
| Zou et al., 2018 | 100 (50/50) | 21.9 (18–27) | EPQ-RSC | VBM (SPM8) | Age, sex, head motion | 0.05 (cluster, FWE) | (t 4.05–4.06) |
| Pos. NSig | |||||||
| Neg. l/r PUT |
Note. Threshold: The threshold denotes the threshold p value, correction level (voxel-/vertex- versus cluster-level), and correction method used in the study; Result t range: The range of the absolute t value for significant peaks reported by each study was presented in the Result column. If only one value was presented, it suggests only one significant peak from the study result. For studies with effect sizes as “NS (not specified),” meta-analysis was conducted with converting the threshold used in the study. Abbreviation used in the table can be found in Supplementary Table S20.