Table 1.

Phytochemical screening of the EELH leaves.

Phytochemical	Observation	Inference	Remark
Alkaloids	Reddish-brown ppt	++	Moderate
Flavonoid	Yellow ppt	+++	High
Tannins	Light green	+	Low
Saponin	Light emulsion	+	Low
Cardiac glycoside	Brown color	++	Moderate
Terpenoids	Colorless	−	Absence
Steroids	Light brown	+	Low

⁺, ++, and +++ denote low, moderate, and high concentrations, respectively.