Table 2.
Linear mixed-model results of the effect of vision condition and trial order
Dependent variable | Predictora | Estimate | s.e. | t-value | P-value | Effect size (ω2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Performance | ||||||
Time | Vision | 108.01 | 17.67 | 6.11 | <0.001 | 0.609 |
Order | −131.51 | 17.67 | −7.44 | <0.001 | 0.700 | |
Interaction | 0.977 | 59.10 | 0.017 | 0.987 | <0.001 | |
Steps | Vision | −0.667 | 10.18 | −0.066 | 0.948 | <0.001 |
Order | 0.167 | 10.18 | 0.016 | 0.987 | <0.001 | |
Interaction | 7.50 | 61.05 | 0.123 | 0.903 | <0.001 | |
Task incompletion | Vision | 0.125 | 0.260 | 0.482 | 0.635 | <0.001 |
Order | −1.22 | 0.260 | −4.66 | <0.001 | 0.463 | |
Interaction | −0.417 | 0.541 | −0.771 | 0.449 | <0.001 | |
Task errors | Vision | 0.208 | 0.263 | 0.792 | 0.437 | <0.001 |
Order | −1.63 | 0.263 | −6.17 | <0.001 | 0.607 | |
Interaction | −0.583 | 1.39 | −0.420 | 0.679 | <0.001 | |
Psychological | ||||||
Anxiety | Vision | 4.42 | 1.82 | 2.44 | 0.024 | 0.177 |
Order | −4.24 | 1.82 | −2.34 | 0.029 | 0.162 | |
Baseline | 0.562 | 0.189 | 2.97 | 0.007 | 0.263 | |
Interaction | 4.21 | 6.55 | 0.643 | 0.528 | <0.001 | |
Worry | Vision | 0.082 | 0.078 | 1.05 | 0.307 | 0.004 |
Order | −0.104 | 0.078 | −1.34 | 0.195 | 0.033 | |
Baseline | 0.830 | 0.095 | 8.73 | <0.001 | 0.774 | |
Interaction | −0.512 | 0.312 | −1.64 | 0.117 | 0.071 | |
Task engagement | Vision | −0.175 | 0.051 | −3.45 | 0.002 | 0.322 |
Order | 0.107 | 0.051 | 2.11 | 0.047 | 0.130 | |
Baseline | 0.940 | 0.152 | 6.19 | <0.001 | 0.629 | |
Interaction | −0.128 | 0.334 | −0.384 | 0.705 | <0.001 | |
Distress | Vision | 0.207 | 0.074 | 2.79 | 0.015 | 0.304 |
Order | −0.116 | 0.074 | −1.56 | 0.141 | 0.085 | |
Baseline | 0.092 | 0.187 | 0.492 | 0.630 | <0.001 | |
Interaction | −0.180 | 0.190 | −0.947 | 0.361 | <0.001 | |
Physiological | ||||||
Heart rate | Vision | −0.229 | 0.567 | −0.405 | 0.690 | <0.001 |
Order | 0.336 | 0.567 | 0.593 | 0.559 | <0.001 | |
Interaction | −5.03 | 9.70 | −0.518 | 0.609 | <0.001 | |
SDNN | Vision | −1.30 | 2.49 | −0.524 | 0.607 | <0.001 |
Order | 2.26 | 2.49 | 0.909 | 0.377 | <0.001 | |
Interaction | 29.34 | 21.90 | 1.34 | 0.195 | 0.034 | |
rMSSD | Vision | −0.831 | 2.21 | −0.376 | 0.712 | <0.001 |
Order | 1.32 | 2.21 | 0.596 | 0.560 | <0.001 | |
Interaction | 13.51 | 12.15 | 1.11 | 0.279 | 0.011 | |
Low-frequency analysis | Vision | 820.83 | 2358.88 | 0.348 | 0.734 | <0.001 |
Order | −352.78 | 2358.88 | −0.150 | 0.884 | <0.001 | |
Interaction | 5167.70 | 8077.96 | 0.640 | 0.532 | <0.001 | |
High-frequency analysis | Vision | 140.78 | 220.65 | 0.638 | 0.535 | <0.001 |
Order | −167.86 | 220.65 | −0.761 | 0.462 | <0.001 | |
Interaction | 642.16 | 832.36 | 0.772 | 0.452 | <0.001 | |
Respiratory rate | Vision | 0.017 | 0.070 | 0.240 | 0.813 | <0.001 |
Order | −0.063 | 0.070 | −0.898 | 0.381 | <0.001 | |
Interaction | −0.795 | 0.380 | −2.09 | 0.050 | 0.137 |
Significant predictors (P < 0.05) are in bold.
All interaction predictors reflect a vision condition × trial order interaction.