Table 4.
Characteristics and modifiable factors in Finnish FTD, AD, and control participants.
| Finnish FTD N = 221 |
AD N = 214 |
Controls N = 100 | Sign. p value with related CI and B/OR values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at onset (mean and SD) | 60.8 (11.2) | 64.6 (9.3) | ‐ | |
| Age at diagnosis (mean and SD) | 64.4 (8.2) | 66.8 (8.9) | 64.3 (9.8) | |
| Sex, M % | 51.4 | 51.4 | 44.0 | |
| Education (years, mean, and SD) | 9.6*# (3.3) | 10.1* (3.5) | 10.3# (3.4) |
*p = 0.032 *B = 0.755 *95% CI = 0.064–1.446 #p = 0.092 #B = 0.698 #95% CI = −0.114‐1.510 |
| Family history of dementia (GS1‐3) or mutation (%) | 52.3 | 40.2 | 32.6 | |
| MMSE (mean and SD) | 23.5 (4.2) | 22.3 (4.2) | 26.5 (2.6) | |
| CDR sum of boxes (mean and SD), FTD‐CDR for FTD patients, AD‐CDR for AD patients | 5.3 (3.1) | 4.0 (3.8) | ‐ | |
| Body mass index (mean and SD) | 26.7*# (5.3) | 26.3* (5.0) | 28.4# (5.3) |
*p = 0.830 *B = −0.164 *95% CI −1.672 to 1.344 #p = 0.032 #B = 1.681 #95% CI 0.142–3.221 |
| Current or ex‐smoker (%) | 24.9*# | 27.4* | 34.8# |
*p = 0.489 *OR = 1.175 *95% CI = 0.744–1.854 #p = 0.046 #OR = 1.758 #95% CI 1.009–3.063 |
| Heart disease (%) | 20.7*# | 25.7* | 28.0# |
*p = 0.656 *OR = 1.113 *95% CI = 0.695–1.783 #p = 0.142 #OR = 1.531 #95% CI 8.867–2.705 |
| Hypertension (%) | 44.3*# | 48.1* | 61.0# |
*p = 0.916 *OR = 1.021 *95% CI = 0.688–1.516 #p = 0.003 #OR = 2.162 #95% CI = 1.304–3.583 |
| Diabetes (%) | 12.2*# | 17.8* | 19.0# |
*p = 0.190 *OR = 1.437 *95% CI = 0.836–2.469 #p = 0.109 #OR = 1.693 #95% CI 0.888–3.225 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L, mean, and SD) | 6.1 (1.2) | 6.3 (1.9) | 6.1 (1.4) |
*p = 0.268 *B = 0.205 *95% CI −0.159 to 0.570 #p = 0.843 #B = −0.036 #95% CI −0.389 to 0.318 |
| Hypercholesterolemia (%) | 55.7*# | 72.0* | 77.0# |
*p < 0.001 *OR = 1.995 *95% CI = 1.333–2.986 #p < 0.001 #OR = 2.648 #95% CI = 1.548–4.531 |
| Blood cholesterol (mmol/L, mean, and SD) | 5.0 (1.2) | 5.1 (1.1) | 5.2 (1.1) |
*p = 0.130 *B = 0.185 *95% CI = −0.055 to 0.425 #p = 0.314 #B = 0.153 #95% CI −0.146 to 0.451 |
| Disease duration, onset to death (years, mean, and SD) | 7.6 (4.2) | 8.4 (4.5) | ‐ |
AD, Alzheimer's disease; B, unstandardized beta; CDR, clinical dementia rating; CI, confidence interval; FTD, frontotemporal dementia; FTD‐CDR, frontotemporal dementia clinical dementia rating; HC, cognitively healthy control; MMSE, MiniMental State Examination; N, number of cases; OR, odds ratio, SD, standard deviation.
*Finnish FTD vs AD; #Finnish FTD vs Controls.