Table 2.
Interactions between CAFs and TILs in the TME of liver cancer
| Immune cells | CAFs-secreted factors | Mechanisms | Phenotype | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCC-CAFs | TAMs | CXCL12; | CXCL12/CXCR4–PAI-1; | M2 polarization of TAMs; | [74]; |
| GAS6 | Endosialin-CD68 | macrophage recruitment and polarization | [77] | ||
| TANs | SDF1a; | IL6/STAT3-PDL1; | Chemotaxis of TAN; | [79]; | |
| CLCF1 | CLCF1 − CXCL6/TGF-β | TAN infiltration and polarization | [61] | ||
| NK cells | PGE2, IDO | - | Inducing deactivation of NK cells | [81] | |
| DCs | SDF-1α | IL-6/STAT3-IDO | Induction into rDC / promotion of Tregs expansion | [83] | |
| MDSCs | SDF1a; | IL-6/STAT3; | Inducing monocytes to differentiate into MDSCs / Impairing T cells function | [86]; | |
| M-CSF, MCP-1; | -; | [87]; | |||
| COX-2; PGE2 | ERK/COX2/PGE2 | [88] | |||
| CCA-CAFs | MDSCs | CCL2; | FAP-STAT3-CCL2; | Recruitment of MDSC; | [89]; |
| IL-6, IL-33 | 5-LO/LTB4-BLT2 | Enhancing the stemness capacity of MDSCs | [90] | ||
| TANs | CXCL5 | PI3K-AKT and ERK1/2 | Recruitment of CD66b + TANs | [91, 92] | |
| Tregs | - | - | CAV1 + CAFs positively correlated with Foxp3 + TIL | [93] |