Table 2.
Frequency of the procedures performed during the last year of life among people who died in Catalonia 2014–2015 and had completed ADs versus those who had not, stratified by sex; adjusted ORs (95% CI) by socioeconomic level
| Women | Men | |||||||||||
| Procedures | Cases | Controls | Adjusted model | Cases | Controls | Adjusted model | ||||||
| N | % | N | % | OR (95% CI) |
P value | % | N | % | N | OR (95% CI) |
P value | |
| Surgery | 68 | 7.26 | 206 | 11.00 | 0.63 (0.47 to 0.84) | <0.01 | 95 | 12.09 | 200 | 12.67 | 0.97 (0.73 to 1.28) | 0.81 |
| Pain treatment | 1 | 0.11 | 8 | 0.43 | * | 2 | 0.25 | 3 | 0.19 | * | ||
| Transplant | 2 | 0.21 | 4 | 0.21 | * | 4 | 0.51 | 3 | 0.19 | * | ||
| Palliative care | 47 | 5.02 | 92 | 4.91 | 1.04 (0.70 to 1.52) | 0.86 | 46 | 5.85 | 78 | 4.94 | 1.37 (0.89 to 2.10) | 0.16 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 120 | 12.81 | 261 | 13.93 | 0.91 (0.71 to 1.16) | 0.44 | 109 | 13.87 | 293 | 18.57 | 0.71 (0.55 to 0.92) | 0.01 |
| Ostomy† | 11 | 1.17 | 26 | 1.39 | 0.75 (0.34 to 1.63) | 0.47 | 13 | 1.65 | 19 | 1.20 | 1.29 (0.60 to 2.78) | 0.51 |
| Artificial nutrition | 17 | 1.81 | 62 | 3.31 | 0.54 (0.31 to 0.95) | 0.03 | 18 | 2.29 | 46 | 2.92 | 0.84 (0.47 to 1.51) | 0.56 |
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | 3 | 0.32 | 5 | 0.27 | * | 2 | 0.25 | 7 | 0.44 | * | ||
| Nasogastric probe | 13 | 1.39 | 26 | 1.39 | 0.94 (0.46 to 1.93) | 0.86 | 9 | 1.15 | 25 | 1.58 | 0.68 (0.29 to 1.59) | 0.37 |
| Endoscopy | 55 | 5.87 | 162 | 8.65 | 0.67 (0.48 to 0.93) | 0.02 | 71 | 9.03 | 185 | 11.72 | 0.76 (0.56 to 1.02) | 0.07 |
| Transfusions | 71 | 7.58 | 201 | 10.73 | 0.69 (0.52 to 0.93) | 0.01 | 87 | 11.07 | 196 | 12.42 | 0.92 (0.69 to 1.24) | 0.59 |
| Thoracentesis | 20 | 2.13 | 74 | 3.95 | 0.54 (0.32 to 0.89) | 0.02 | 30 | 3.82 | 61 | 3.87 | 1.00 (0.63 to 1.59) | 1.00 |
| IV fluids/drugs | 225 | 24.01 | 481 | 25.68 | 0.93 (0.76 to 1.13) | 0.45 | 218 | 27.74 | 472 | 29.91 | 0.98 (0.79 to 1.22) | 0.85 |
| Antibiotics | 109 | 11.63 | 248 | 13.24 | 0.88 (0.68 to 1.13) | 0.31 | 114 | 14.50 | 252 | 15.97 | 0.97 (0.75 to 1.26) | 0.83 |
| Tracheostomy | 1 | 0.11 | 13 | 0.69 | * | 5 | 0.64 | 34 | 2.15 | * | ||
| Dialysis | 12 | 1.28 | 12 | 0.64 | 2.27 (0.93 to 5.55) | 0.07 | 12 | 1.53 | 25 | 1.58 | 0.95 (0.44 to 2.05) | 0.89 |
| Amputation | 2 | 0.21 | 9 | 0.48 | * | 6 | 0.76 | 13 | 0.82 | * | ||
| Intubation | 21 | 2.24 | 47 | 2.51 | 0.91 (0.53 to 1.56) | 0.73 | 23 | 2.93 | 73 | 4.63 | 0.56 (0.33 to 0.94) | 0.03 |
| Transfers | 152 | 16.22 | 369 | 19.70 | 0.81 (0.65 to 1.00) | 0.05 | 127 | 16.16 | 314 | 19.90 | 0.86 (0.68 to 1.09) | 0.21 |
| Emergencies | 714 | 76.20 | 1496 | 79.87 | 0.85 (0.69 to 1.04) | 0.11 | 608 | 77.35 | 1329 | 84.22 | 0.68 (0.54 to 0.86) | <0.01 |
*Not enough cases for modelling.
†Gastrostomy, ileostomy, colostomy and resections.
ADs, advance directives; IV, intravenous.