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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Mol Biol. 2022 May 6;434(13):167621. doi: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167621

Figure 4: Effects of [PPi] on the Step-by-step Kinetics of Initiation at 19 °C.

Figure 4:

Panel A) Representative gels comparing single-nucleotide resolution PAGE separations of 32P-labelled RNA products from RQF initiation experiments at the λPR promoter at 2 mM PPi, 200 μM ATP, UTP, 10 μM GTP with results at 0 mM added PPi and the same NTP concentrations [12]. Synthesis of 16-mer RNA in these experiments is single-round. Panel B) Time courses of amounts of 5-mer (Top), 9-mer (Middle), and 12-mer (Bottom) RNA at 0 mM (Black), 1 mM (Green), and 2 mM PPi (Red). Points shown are averages of 3 experiments. Amounts are normalized to the total amount of 11+ RNA synthesis in each single-round experiment before averaging. Different vertical scales are used for each RNA length. Dashed lines are included as a visual guide.