Table 5.

Post-intervention outcome of dietary intake of selected food items post-intervention measured by the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) in intervention and control groups of the trial

Food items	Intervention (n = 145)	Control (n = 160)	P-values
Vegetable intake per week, mean (SD)	9.4 (7.8)	8.7 (6.1)	0.458
Fruit intake per week, mean (SD)	5.8 (4.8)	5.1 (4.2)	0.199
Rice, Portion size, n (%)			0.001
¼ plate	38 (26.2)	23 (14.4)
½ plate	66 (45.5)	57 (35.6)
¾ plate	38 (26.2)	70 (43.8)
1 plate	3 (2.1)	10 (6.3)
Noodles, Portion size, n (%)			0.333
¼ plate	35 (25.7)	31 (20.8)
½ plate	70 (51.5)	70 (47.0)
¾ plate	30 (22.1)	47 (31.5)
1 plate	1 (0.7)	1 (0.7)
Bread, Portion size, n (%)			0.175
1	24 (16.9)	19 (12.0)
2	91 (64.1)	97 (61.0)
3	27 (19.0)	43 (27.0)
Fried Foods, Frequency, n (%)			0.803
Rarely (1-3/mo)	17 (11.7)	15 (9.4)
Occasionally (1-2/week)	43 (29.7)	40 (25.0)
Frequently (3-6/week)	65 (44.8)	80 (50.0)
Daily	20 (13.8)	25 (15.6)
Fast food, Frequency, n (%)			0.770
Rarely (1-3/mo)	105 (75.5)	110 (71.9)
Occasionally (1-2/week)	28 (20.1)	36 (23.5)
Frequently (3-6/week)	6 (4.3)	7 (4.6)
Daily	0	0
Carbonated drinks, Frequency, n (%)			0.179
Rarely (1-3/mo)	88 (80.0)	93 (69.9)
Occasionally (1-2/week)	17 (15.5)	33 (24.8)
Frequently (3-6/week)	5 (4.5)	7 (5.3)
Daily	0	0
Pastries, Frequency, n (%)			0.491
Rarely (1-3/mo)	87 (64.6)	81 (57.0)
Occasionally (1-2/week)	36 (26.7)	46 (32.4)
Frequently (3-6/week)	12 (8.9)	14 (9.9)
Daily	0	1 (0.7)
Sweet local delicacies (‘kuih’), Frequency, n (%)			0.336
Rarely (1-3/mo)	21 (14.9)	33 (21.3)
Occasionally (1-2/week)	57 (40.4)	50 (32.3)
Frequently (3-6/week)	53 (37.6)	62 (40.0)
Daily	10 (7.3)	10 (6.5)

SD – standard deviation