Table 3.

Determinants of Skilled Birth Attendance in Rural India

	OR	SE	Z	p > |Z|	95% CI
Year	1998–Ref.
2005	2.06	0.08	19.86	0.00	1.92–2.22
2015	2.74	0.10	28.62	0.00	2.56–2.94
Women's education	Illiterate–Ref.
Primary	1.51	0.08	8.14	0.00	1.37–1.67
Secondary	2.42	0.12	17.86	0.00	2.19–2.66
Higher	7.27	0.79	18.33	0.00	5.88–8.99
Women's age (in years)	15–19 to Ref.
20–29	0.84	0.06	−2.52	0.01	0.73–0.96
30–39	0.81	0.06	−2.82	0.01	0.70–0.94
40–49	0.65	0.08	−3.37	0.00	0.50–0.83
Parity	1–Ref.
2–4	1.07	0.05	1.51	0.13	0.98–1.16
5+	0.98	0.05	−0.40	0.69	0.88–1.09
Health card	No–Ref.
Yes	2.14	0.08	20.55	0.00	1.99–2.30
Partner's education	Illiterate–Ref.
Primary	1.23	0.07	3.65	0.00	1.10–1.38
Secondary	1.22	0.06	4.08	0.00	1.11–1.34
Higher	1.41	0.10	4.84	0.00	1.23–1.62
Religion	Hindu–Ref.
Muslim	0.85	0.04	−3.30	0.00	0.77–0.94
Others	0.86	0.05	−2.44	0.02	0.77–0.97
Caste	SCs–Ref.
Scheduled tribes	0.54	0.04	−9.12	0.00	0.48–0.62
Other backward class	1.15	0.05	2.89	0.00	1.04–1.26
Upper caste	1.30	0.06	5.30	0.00	1.18–1.43
Autonomy	No autonomy–Ref.
Go to health center	1.10	0.04	2.88	0.00	1.03–1.18
Bank account	1.44	0.08	6.80	0.00	1.30–1.60
Watching TV	1.35	0.06	7.28	0.00	1.25–1.46
Reading newspaper	1.54	0.07	10.00	0.00	1.41–1.67
Village level factors	No facility–Ref.
Drainage	1.43	0.06	9.10	0.00	1.33–1.55
Electricity	1.95	0.09	14.45	0.00	1.78–2.14
Clean water	1.10	0.05	2.42	0.02	1.02–1.20
Transport	1.18	0.07	2.94	0.00	1.06–1.31
Standard of living	Poorest–Ref.
Poorer	1.98	0.03	46.55	0.00	1.93–2.04
Middle	3.01	0.05	67.11	0.00	2.92–3.11
Richer	3.92	0.07	75.59	0.00	3.79–4.06
Richest	4.33	0.08	77.85	0.00	4.17–4.49
LR chi2(30)	9,411.24
Pseudo R2	0.2907

Source: Based on three rounds of NFHS pooled data.