Table 12.
Estimation results of ordered logit model (for FIES) and poison model (for HDDS), (with different livelihood activities) (n = 1031)
| Variable name | Ordered logit models (for FIES) | Negative binomial (NB) models (for HDDS) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Livelihood activities grouped as farm vs. non-farm |
Livelihood activities grouped into four categories (with causal/unemployed as a base category) |
Livelihood activities grouped as farm vs. non-farm |
Livelihood activities grouped into four categories (with causal/unemployed as a base category) | |||||
| Coefficient | Std. error (Robust) | Coefficient | Std. error (Robust) | Coefficient | Std. error (Robust) | Coefficient | Std. error (Robust) | |
| HH income loss amid-COVID (%) | 0.017*** | 0.003 | 0.017*** | 0.003 | -0.001*** | 0.000 | -0.001*** | 0.000 |
| HH job affected by COVID-19 (yes = 1) | 0.446*** | 0.161 | 0.466*** | 0.162 | -0.023 | 0.015 | -0.022 | 0.015 |
| Received family/friends support (yes = 1) | -0.063 | 0.198 | -0.079 | 0.199 | 0.039 ** | 0.018 | 0.038** | 0.018 |
| Received gov./NGO support (yes = 1) | 0.418 | 0.272 | 0.415 | 0.274 | -0.027 | 0.028 | -0.025 | 0.027 |
| Land size owned (ha) | -0.019*** | 0.007 | -0.020*** | 0.007 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Livestock size owned (TLU) | -0.033*** | 0.009 | -0.032*** | 0.009 | 0.002 *** | 0.001 | 0.002*** | 0.001 |
| HH in rural area (yes = 1) | -0.043 | 0.180 | -0.045 | 0.181 | 0.023 | 0.016 | 0.023 | 0.016 |
| Location Northern states (yes = 1) | -0.705*** | 0.181 | -0.718*** | 0.184 | -0.093 *** | 0.020 | -0.092*** | 0.020 |
| HH head male (yes = 1) | -0.176 | 0.168 | -0.151 | 0.171 | 0.035 ** | 0.016 | 0.035** | 0.016 |
| HH head age (years) | -0.013* | 0.007 | -0.011 | 0.007 | 0.002 ** | 0.001 | 0.002** | 0.001 |
| Household size (#) | -0.007 | 0.019 | -0.008 | 0.019 | -0.005 *** | 0.002 | -0.005*** | 0.002 |
| HH head married (yes = 1) | -0.283 | 0.211 | -0.286 | 0.211 | 0.028 | 0.019 | 0.028 | 0.019 |
| Education above secondary (yes = 1) | -0.383** | 0.167 | -0.337** | 0.172 | 0.056 *** | 0.016 | 0.059*** | 0.016 |
| HH main livelihood on-farm (yes = 1) | 0.007 | 0.165 | -0.101 | 0.342 | -0.063 *** | 0.014 | -0.068** | 0.029 |
| HH main livelihood business (yes = 1) | - | - | 0.109 | 0.391 | - | - | 0.006 | 0.032 |
| HH livelihood employee (yes = 1) | - | - | -0.296 | 0.383 | - | - | -0.014 | 0.031 |
| HH member migrated (yes = 1) | 0.450 | 0.323 | 0.461 | 0.325 | 0.004 | 0.027 | 0.006 | 0.026 |
| Access to COVID-related info (yes = 1) | 0.412 | 0.283 | 0.434 | 0.286 | 0.075 *** | 0.028 | 0.074** | 0.027 |
FIES Food insecurity experience scale, HDDS Household dietary diversity score, HH Household, ha hectare, TLU Tropical Livestock Unit
* p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, *** p < 0.1