Table 1:

Common pain conditions in human and corresponding animal models.

Chronic pain category	Human disease	Animal models
Neuropathic pain	Neuroma	Axotomy (complete sciatic nerve transection)
	Causalgia; neuropathies; chronic widespread pain (CWP); complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS); temporomandibular disorder (TMD); peripheral nerve injured by trauma	Chronic constriction injury (CCI); partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSL); spinal nerve ligation (SNL); cuffing-induced sciatic nerve injury (PNI); spared nerve injury (SNI)
	Trigeminal neuralgia	Compression of trigeminal ganglion; CCI to infra-orbital nerve
	Low back pain	Nucleus pulposus (NP) applied to the lumbar dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and/or adjacent nerve roots (NP) model; chronic compression of the DRG model (CCD); L5 DRG is inflamed by zymosan in incomplete Freund’s adjuvant
	Postoperative pain	Incision model
	Diabetes-induced neuropathy	Streptozotocin (STZ) -induced neuropathy model
	Post-herpetic neuralgia	Varicella zoster virus-induced neuropathy
Inflammatory pain	Peripheral nerve inflammation	Cutaneous and subcutaneous models: complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA); formalin model; carrageenan model
	Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)	Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS); 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)
	Arthritis	Joint inflammation models: CFA; carrageenan; Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA); Collagen-antibody-induced arthritis
	Fibromyalgia symptoms (FMS)	Intraperitoneal injection with IgG fibromyalgia patients
Cancer pain	Tumor mestastases to the skeleton	Bone cancer pain models: femur, calcaneus, tibial with inoculation of cancerous cells into respective bones
	Melanoma skin cancer	Injection of melanoma cells in plantar region of hind paw
Drug-induced pain	Cancer patients after drug treatment	Anti-cancer agents (vincristine, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, paclitaxel) models
	Anti-HIV drugs-induced neuropathy	Anti-HIV agents (2,3-dideoxycytidine, didanosine)