Table 1.
Study participant characteristics from the EPIC study and the NSHDS.
| Study population (n = 1,380) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Cases (n = 690) | Controls (n = 690) | |
| Time to diagnosis, y, median (IQR) | 10.6 (7.4–13.5) | NA | |
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 58.0 (50.2–60.2) | 57.7 (50.1–60.2) | |
| BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR) | 27.1 (25.0–29.8) | 26.5 (24.5–28.7) | |
| BMI groups, n (%) | Underweight (<18.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.3) |
| Normal weight (18.5–24.9) | 171 (24.8) | 209 (30.3) | |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 357 (51.7) | 374 (54.2) | |
| Obese (>30.0) | 160 (23.2) | 103 (15.1) | |
| Unknown | 2 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | Never | 172 (24.9) | 203 (29.4) |
| Former | 289 (41.9) | 263 (38.1) | |
| Current | 214 (31.0) | 208 (30.2) | |
| Unknown | 15 (2.2) | 16 (2.3) | |
| Alcohol consumption, g/day, median (IQR) | 9.4 (2.3–28.6) | 7.9 (1.9–23.1) | |
| Alcohol consumption groupsa, n (%) | Zero intake | 63 (9.1) | 56 (8.1) |
| Below median intake | 281 (40.7) | 288 (41.7) | |
| Above median intake | 344 (49.9) | 344 (49.9) | |
| Unknown | 2 (0.3) | 2 (0.3) | |
| Physical activity groups, n (%) | Inactive | 170 (24.7) | 128 (18.6) |
| Moderately inactive | 203 (29.4) | 221 (32.0) | |
| Moderately active | 155 (22.5) | 163 (23.6) | |
| Active | 121 (17.5) | 136 (19.7) | |
| Unknown | 41 (5.9) | 42 (6.1) | |
| Serological levels, median (IQR) | Androstenedione, pg/mL | 701.1 (526.7–944.1) | 720.8 (548.2–922.7) |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone, ng/mL | 2.28 (1.45–3.54) | 2.34 (1.50–3.47) | |
| Estrone, pg/mL | 29.1 (22.6–37.9) | 28.2 (22.4–35.8) | |
| Estradiol, pg/mL | 18.9 (15.1–23.9) | 19.1 (14.9–24.1) | |
| Progesterone, pg/mL | 74.1 (53.4–107.5) | 78.3 (56.1–112.1) | |
| Testosterone, ng/mL | 4.10 (3.29–5.27) | 4.41 (3.47–5.50) | |
| Free estradiol, pg/mL | 0.49 (0.39–0.61) | 0.48 (0.38–0.62) | |
| Free testosterone, pg/mL | 75.8 (63.3–90.7) | 77.6 (65.1–92.6) | |
| SHBG, nmol/L | 35.7 (26.2–47.0) | 37.6 (28.6–51.0) | |
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range; y, years.
aBased on the control groups median of 7.9 g/day alcohol consumption.