Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| First author, year | Sample size (E/C) | Age | Intervention | Treatment course | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental | Control | |||||
| Bao Jifeng, 2015 [12] | 112 (56/56) | 60.34 ± 4.31 (23–85） | Patients with hypotension: regular treatment+SI 100 ml/d | Regular treatment | 7 d | Coagulation: PT, TT, APTT, FIB, PLT, D-D |
| Patients without hypotension: regular treatment+SI 60 ml/d | Immune: CD3, CD4, NK | |||||
| Inflammation：TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, CRP | ||||||
| Organ: ALT, AST, BUN, Cr, LDH, CK, CK-MB | ||||||
| Chen Tengfei, 2020 [13] | 62 (28/34) | 61–91/67–95 | Regular treatment+SI 200 ml/d | Regular treatment | 7 d | 28-day mortality |
| Inflammation: PCT, CRP | ||||||
| Chen Wei, 2017 [14] | 80 (40/40) | 69.15 ± 5.62/69.23 ± 5.44 | Regular treatment+SI 40 ml/d | Regular treatment | 10 | 28-day mortality, case fatality rate |
| Chen Yuzhi, 2015 [15] | 50 (25/25) | 71.84 ± 15.17/73.40 ± 9.5 | Regular treatment+SI 100 ml/d | Regular treatment | 5–7 d | Case fatality rate, APACHE II score |
| Coagulation: APTT, PT, AT, D-D, FIB, PLT; | ||||||
| WBC, HB | ||||||
| Feng Gang, 2019 [16] | 66 (33/33) | 62.14 ± 18.72/61.78 ± 17.33 | Regular treatment+SI 24-hour continuous infusion 10 ml/h (240 ml/d) | Regular treatment | 7 d | APACHE II score |
| Inflammation: TNF-α, CRP, IL-6 | ||||||
| He Cong, 2019 [17] | 32 (16/16) | 59.75 ± 8.66/61.19 ± 8.26 | Regular treatment+SI 200 ml/d | Regular treatment | 7 d | 28-day mortality |
| Organ: BNP, TnI, CK-MB | ||||||
| Huang Zengfeng, 2010 [18] | 60 (30/30) | 61.5 ± 8.7/60.8 ± 9.2 | Regular treatment+SI 100 ml/d | Regular treatment | 7 d | APACHE II |
| Inflammation: TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 | ||||||
| Liu Linlin 2012 [19] | 63 (31/32) | 60–89 | Regular treatment+SI 40 ml/d | Regular treatment | 7 d | 28-day mortality rate |
| Organ：CK-MB, BNP, Cr | ||||||
| Coagulation: PA, APTT, Hb | ||||||
| Li Wansheng, 2018 [20] | 100 (50/50) | 58.93 ± 5.46/59.73 ± 5.13 | Regular treatment+SI 60 ml/d | Regular treatment | 7 d | APACHE II score |
| Coagulation: PLT, FIB, APTT | ||||||
| Liu Wenyue, 2018 [21] | 106 (53/53) | 66.73 ± 4.8/67.04 ± 4.75 | Regular treatment+SI 100 ml/d | Regular treatment | 7 d | Case fatality rate; APACHE II score |
| Organs: BNP, CK, CK-MB, TnI Immune: CD4+, CD8+, NK | ||||||
| Ning Xiaoping, 2011 [22] | 60 (30/30) | 56.9 ± 2.3 (23–78) | Regular treatment+SI 60 ml/d | Regular treatment | 7 d | Case fatality rate, APACHE II score |
| Organ: Cr | ||||||
| Coagulation: PLT | ||||||
| Ning Xiaoping, 2012 [23] | 60 (30/30) | 58.2 ± 3.6 | Patients with hypotension: regular treatment+SI 100 ml/d | Regular treatment | 7 d | Inflammation: TNF-α, IL-1, CRP |
| Patients without hypotension: regular treatment+SI 60 ml/d | ||||||
| Shen Liming, 2014 [24] | 46 (23/23) | 67.2 ± 8.1/65.5 ± 7.9 | Regular treatment+SI 100 ml/d | Regular treatment | 7 d | Fatality rate, APACHE II score |
| Inflammation: CD3, CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8, NK | ||||||
| Wang Baohua, 2021 [25] | 84 (42/42) | 55.87 ± 5.24/56.32 ± 4.58 | Patients with hypotension: regular treatment +CBP+SI 60 ml/d | Regular treatment+CBP | 7 d | APACHE II score, case fatality rate; AE |
| Patients without hypotension: regular treatment +CBP+SI 100 ml/d | Inflammation: CRP, PCT | |||||
| Coagulation: PT, TT, APTT, D-D | ||||||
| Wang Sen, 2016 [26] | 96 (48/48) | 69.15 ± 5.24/68.94 ± 5.17 | Patients without hypotension：regular treatment+SI injection 120 ml/d | Regular treatment | 7 d | APACHE II score; AE |
| Patients with hypotension：regular treatment+SI 200 ml/d | Inflammation: CRP, PCT, TNF-α | |||||
| Xu Wei, 2017 [27] | 60 (30/30) | 68.56 ± 3.39/69.34 ± 2.57 | Regular treatment+SI 50 ml/d | Regular treatment | 7 d | AE |
| Organ: BNP, CK-MB, TnI | ||||||
| Xu Xiaoyun, 2015 [28] | 80 (40/40) | 60.8 ± 9 | Regular treatment+SI 24-hour continuous infusion 10 ml/h (240 ml/d) | Regular treatment | 7 d | AE |
| Organ: ALT, AST, BUN, Cr, CK, CK-MB | ||||||
| Inflammation: CRP, PCT, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, WBC | ||||||
| Yao Yabin, 2017 [29] | 82 (41/41) | 54.12 ± 11.18/51.27 ± 11.35 | Regular treatment+SI 100 ml/d | Regular treatment | 7 d | Case fatality rate, APACHE II score; AE |
| Yu Limei, 2016 [30] | 70 (35/35) | 58.31 ± 3.21/59.12 ± 3.32 | Regular treatment+SI 40 ml/d | Regular treatment | 7 d | AE |
| Inflammation: CRP, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 | ||||||
| Zeng Dao, 2013 [31] | 50 (25/25) | 50 ± 2.5 (24–75) | Patients with hypotension: regular treatment+SI 100 ml/d | Regular treatment | 10 d | AE |
| Patients without hypotension: regular treatment+SI 60 ml/d | Inflammation: TNF-α, IL-6, CRP | |||||
| Zhou Yuanshen, 2016 [32] | 50 (25/25) | 72.62 ± 12.53 | Regular treatment+SI 100 ml/d | Regular treatment | 7 d | 28-day mortality rate; APACHE II score |
| Coagulation：APTT, PT, D-D, FIB, PLT, WBC, Hb | ||||||
Note. SI, Shenmai injection; AE, adverse events; CRP, C-reaction protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; NK, natural killer; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; Cr, creatinine; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; CK, creatine kinase; CK-MB, creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB; APTT, activated partial thromboplastin time; PT, prothrombin time; TT, thrombin time; FIB, fibrinogen; PLT, platelet; D-D, D-dimer; IL-1, interleukin-1; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-8, interleukin-8; WBC, white blood cell; Hb, hemoglobin; BNP, B-brain natriuretic peptide; TnI, troponin I. Regular treatment of sepsis may include fluid resuscitation, anti-infection, serum sugar control, maintenance of homeostatic equilibrium, mechanical ventilation, and comprehensive therapy such as nutrition support and administration of glucocorticoids.